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pharm toxicities and side effects Flashcards

1
Q

antidote for acetominophen toxicity

A

NAC

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2
Q

antidote for AChE inhib, organophosphate

A

atropine >pralidoxime

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3
Q

antidote for amphetimines

A

since amphetimines are basic, you give NH4Cl to acidify the urine

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4
Q

antidote for antimuscarinic, anticholnergic agents

A

physostigmine salicylate, contorl hyperthermia

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5
Q

antidote for benzo toxicity

A

flumazenil

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6
Q

antidote for beta blockers

A

glucagon

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7
Q

antidote for CO poisoning

A

100% oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen

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8
Q

antidote for copper, arsenic, or gold poisoning

A

penicillamine

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9
Q

antidote for digitalis (digoxin) toxicity

A

anti-dig Fab fragments

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10
Q

antidote for heparin toxicity

A

protamine sulfate

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11
Q

antidote for iron toxicity

A

deferoxamine, deferasirox

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12
Q

antidote for lead poisoning

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

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13
Q

antidote for mercury poisoning

A

dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

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14
Q

antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning

A

Fomepizole> ethanol, dialysis

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15
Q

antidote for methemoglobin

A

methylene blue, vit C

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16
Q

antidote for opioids

A

naloxone, naltrexone

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17
Q

antidote for salicylates

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

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18
Q

antidote for TCAs

A

NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

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19
Q

antidote for tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

A

aminocaproic acid

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20
Q

antidote for warfarin toxicity

A

vit K (delayed effect), fresh frozen plasma (immediate)

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21
Q

drugs that cause coronary vasospasm

A

cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

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22
Q

druge that cause cutaneous flushing

A

VANC; vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, calcium channel blockers

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23
Q

drugs that cause dilated cardiomyopathy

A

anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin); prevent with dexrazoxane

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24
Q

drugs that cause torsades de pointes

A

Class III (e.g. sotolol) and class IA (e.g. quinidine) antiarrhythmics, macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics, TCAs

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25
drugs that cause adrenocortical insuff
HPA suppression 2/2 glucocorticoid withdrawal
26
drugs that cause hot flashes
tamoxifen, clomiphene
27
drugs that cause hyperglycemia
tacrolimus, protease inhib, niacin, HCTZ, corticosteroids
28
drugs that cause hypothyroidism
lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides
29
drugs that cause acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
erythromycin
30
drugs that cause diarrhea
metformin, erythromycin, colchicine, orlistat, acarbose
31
drugs that cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis
halothane, amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), valproic acid, acetominopen
32
drugs that cause hepatitis
rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamid, statins, fibrates
33
drugs that cause pancreatitis
didanosine, steroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)
34
drugs that cause pseudomembraneous colitis
clinda, ampicillin, cephalosporins
35
drugs that cause agranulocytosis
ganciclovir, clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, methimazole, propylthiouracil
36
drugs that cause aplastic anemia
carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, choramphenicol, propylthiouracil
37
drugs that cause direct Coomb's positive hemolytic anemia
methyldopa, penicillin
38
drug that causes gray baby syndrome
chloramphenicol
39
drugs that cause hemolysis in G6PD def
isoniazid, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin
40
drugs that cause megaloblastic anemia
phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drugs
41
drugs that cause thrombocytopenia
heparin
42
drugs that cause thrombotic complications
OCPs, hormone replacement therapy
43
drugs that cause fat redistributon
protease inhib, glucocorticoids
44
drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine
45
drugs that cause hyperuricemia (gout)
pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine
46
drugs that cause myopathy
fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychlorouine, interferon alpha, penicillamine, statins, steroids
47
drugs that cause osteoporosis
steroids, heparin
48
drugs that cause photosens
sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, 5-FU
49
drugs that cause rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
anti-epileptic drugs (esp lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin
50
drugs that cause a SLE-like syndrome
sulfa drugs, hydral, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept
51
drugs that cause teeth discoloration
tetracyclines
52
drugs that cause tendonitis/tendon rupture/cartilage damage
fluoroquinolones
53
drugs that cause cinchonism
quinidine, quinine
54
drugs that cause Parkinsonism-like syndrome
antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide
55
drugs that cause seizures
isoniazid (vit B6 def), buproprion, imipenem/cilastatin, enflurane
56
drugs that cause tardive dyskinesia
antipsychotics, metoclopramide
57
drugs that cause diabetes insipidus
lithium, demeclocycline
58
drugs that cause Fanconi syndrome
expired tetracycline
59
drugs that cause hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide; prevent by coadministering with mesna
60
drugs that cause interstitial nephritis
methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemie
61
drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis
bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan, methotrexate
62
drugs that have anti-muscarinic side effects
atroine, TCA, H1-blockers, antipsychotics
63
drugs that cause disulfuram-like reaction
metronidazole, cerain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st gen sulfonylureas
64
drugs that cause nephro and ototoxicity
aminoglycosides, vanc, loop diuretics, cisplatin. Cisplatin toxiciy may respond to amifostine
65
Cyp450 inducers
chronic alcohol use, st johns wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine
66
cyp450 substrates
anti-epileptics, theophylline, warfarin, OCPs
67
cyp 450 inhibitors
Acute alcohol abuse, ritonavir, amiodarone, cimetidine, ketoconazole, sulfonamides, isoniazid, grapefruit juice, quinidine, macrolides (except azithro)
68
what are the sulfa drug?
probenecid, furosemide, acetozolamide, celecoxib, thiazides, sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas
69
what does suffix "ivir" indic?
neuromanidase inhib (e.g. oseltamavir)
70
what does suffix "-navir" mean?
protease inhib (ritonavir)
71
what does "-ovir" mean?
DNA polymerase inhib (acyclovir)
72
what does the suffix -ximab mean? How about -zumab?
xiimab is chimeric monoclonal antibody; -zumab is humanized monoclonal antibody

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