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Step 1 > pharm toxicities and side effects > Flashcards

pharm toxicities and side effects Flashcards

1
Q

antidote for acetominophen toxicity

A

NAC

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2
Q

antidote for AChE inhib, organophosphate

A

atropine >pralidoxime

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3
Q

antidote for amphetimines

A

since amphetimines are basic, you give NH4Cl to acidify the urine

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4
Q

antidote for antimuscarinic, anticholnergic agents

A

physostigmine salicylate, contorl hyperthermia

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5
Q

antidote for benzo toxicity

A

flumazenil

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6
Q

antidote for beta blockers

A

glucagon

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7
Q

antidote for CO poisoning

A

100% oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen

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8
Q

antidote for copper, arsenic, or gold poisoning

A

penicillamine

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9
Q

antidote for digitalis (digoxin) toxicity

A

anti-dig Fab fragments

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10
Q

antidote for heparin toxicity

A

protamine sulfate

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11
Q

antidote for iron toxicity

A

deferoxamine, deferasirox

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12
Q

antidote for lead poisoning

A

EDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine

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13
Q

antidote for mercury poisoning

A

dimercaprol (BAL), succimer

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14
Q

antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning

A

Fomepizole> ethanol, dialysis

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15
Q

antidote for methemoglobin

A

methylene blue, vit C

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16
Q

antidote for opioids

A

naloxone, naltrexone

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17
Q

antidote for salicylates

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis

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18
Q

antidote for TCAs

A

NaHCO3 (plasma alkalinization)

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19
Q

antidote for tPA, streptokinase, urokinase

A

aminocaproic acid

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20
Q

antidote for warfarin toxicity

A

vit K (delayed effect), fresh frozen plasma (immediate)

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21
Q

drugs that cause coronary vasospasm

A

cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

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22
Q

druge that cause cutaneous flushing

A

VANC; vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, calcium channel blockers

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23
Q

drugs that cause dilated cardiomyopathy

A

anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin); prevent with dexrazoxane

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24
Q

drugs that cause torsades de pointes

A

Class III (e.g. sotolol) and class IA (e.g. quinidine) antiarrhythmics, macrolide antibiotics, antipsychotics, TCAs

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25
Q

drugs that cause adrenocortical insuff

A

HPA suppression 2/2 glucocorticoid withdrawal

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26
Q

drugs that cause hot flashes

A

tamoxifen, clomiphene

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27
Q

drugs that cause hyperglycemia

A

tacrolimus, protease inhib, niacin, HCTZ, corticosteroids

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28
Q

drugs that cause hypothyroidism

A

lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

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29
Q

drugs that cause acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

erythromycin

30
Q

drugs that cause diarrhea

A

metformin, erythromycin, colchicine, orlistat, acarbose

31
Q

drugs that cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis

A

halothane, amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), valproic acid, acetominopen

32
Q

drugs that cause hepatitis

A

rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamid, statins, fibrates

33
Q

drugs that cause pancreatitis

A

didanosine, steroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)

34
Q

drugs that cause pseudomembraneous colitis

A

clinda, ampicillin, cephalosporins

35
Q

drugs that cause agranulocytosis

A

ganciclovir, clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, methimazole, propylthiouracil

36
Q

drugs that cause aplastic anemia

A

carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, choramphenicol, propylthiouracil

37
Q

drugs that cause direct Coomb’s positive hemolytic anemia

A

methyldopa, penicillin

38
Q

drug that causes gray baby syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

39
Q

drugs that cause hemolysis in G6PD def

A

isoniazid, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin

40
Q

drugs that cause megaloblastic anemia

A

phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drugs

41
Q

drugs that cause thrombocytopenia

A

heparin

42
Q

drugs that cause thrombotic complications

A

OCPs, hormone replacement therapy

43
Q

drugs that cause fat redistributon

A

protease inhib, glucocorticoids

44
Q

drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

A

phenytoin, calcium channel blockers, cyclosporine

45
Q

drugs that cause hyperuricemia (gout)

A

pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine

46
Q

drugs that cause myopathy

A

fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychlorouine, interferon alpha, penicillamine, statins, steroids

47
Q

drugs that cause osteoporosis

A

steroids, heparin

48
Q

drugs that cause photosens

A

sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, 5-FU

49
Q

drugs that cause rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)

A

anti-epileptic drugs (esp lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

50
Q

drugs that cause a SLE-like syndrome

A

sulfa drugs, hydral, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept

51
Q

drugs that cause teeth discoloration

A

tetracyclines

52
Q

drugs that cause tendonitis/tendon rupture/cartilage damage

A

fluoroquinolones

53
Q

drugs that cause cinchonism

A

quinidine, quinine

54
Q

drugs that cause Parkinsonism-like syndrome

A

antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide

55
Q

drugs that cause seizures

A

isoniazid (vit B6 def), buproprion, imipenem/cilastatin, enflurane

56
Q

drugs that cause tardive dyskinesia

A

antipsychotics, metoclopramide

57
Q

drugs that cause diabetes insipidus

A

lithium, demeclocycline

58
Q

drugs that cause Fanconi syndrome

A

expired tetracycline

59
Q

drugs that cause hemorrhagic cystitis

A

cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide; prevent by coadministering with mesna

60
Q

drugs that cause interstitial nephritis

A

methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemie

61
Q

drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis

A

bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan, methotrexate

62
Q

drugs that have anti-muscarinic side effects

A

atroine, TCA, H1-blockers, antipsychotics

63
Q

drugs that cause disulfuram-like reaction

A

metronidazole, cerain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st gen sulfonylureas

64
Q

drugs that cause nephro and ototoxicity

A

aminoglycosides, vanc, loop diuretics, cisplatin. Cisplatin toxiciy may respond to amifostine

65
Q

Cyp450 inducers

A

chronic alcohol use, st johns wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine

66
Q

cyp450 substrates

A

anti-epileptics, theophylline, warfarin, OCPs

67
Q

cyp 450 inhibitors

A

Acute alcohol abuse, ritonavir, amiodarone, cimetidine, ketoconazole, sulfonamides, isoniazid, grapefruit juice, quinidine, macrolides (except azithro)

68
Q

what are the sulfa drug?

A

probenecid, furosemide, acetozolamide, celecoxib, thiazides, sulfonamide antibiotics, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas

69
Q

what does suffix “ivir” indic?

A

neuromanidase inhib (e.g. oseltamavir)

70
Q

what does suffix “-navir” mean?

A

protease inhib (ritonavir)

71
Q

what does “-ovir” mean?

A

DNA polymerase inhib (acyclovir)

72
Q

what does the suffix -ximab mean? How about -zumab?

A

xiimab is chimeric monoclonal antibody; -zumab is humanized monoclonal antibody

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