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Step 1 > microbio systems > Flashcards

microbio systems Flashcards

1
Q

Normal flora of the colon

A

b. fragilis > E. coli

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2
Q

Noraml flora of the vagina

A

lactobacillus, colonized by E. Coli and group B strep

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3
Q

B. cereus assoc with what kind of food poisoning

A

reheated rice

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4
Q

C. botlinum food poisoning

A

improperly canned foods, raw honey

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5
Q

C. perfringens food poisoning

A

reheated meat

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6
Q

E coli O157:H7 food poisoning association

A

undercooked meat

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7
Q

salmonella food poisoning

A

poulty, meat and eggs

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8
Q

staph aureus food poisoning

A

meats, mayonnaise, custard; preformed toxin

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9
Q

v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus food poisoning

A

contaminated seafood

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10
Q

campylobacter

A

bloody diarrhea; comma or S shaped organisms; grow at 42 deg C

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11
Q

entamoeba hystolitica

A

bloody diarrhea; protozoa; amebic dysentery, liver abscess

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12
Q

EHEC

A

0157:H7; bloody diarrhea; HUS; Shiga-like toxin

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13
Q

EIEC

A

bloody diarrhea; invades colonic mucosa

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14
Q

Salmonella

A

bloody diarrhea; lactose negative; flagellar motility; has animal resevoir, esp poultry and eggs

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15
Q

Shigella

A

bloody diarrhea; lactose negative; produces Shiga-toxin; human resevoir only; bacillary dysentery

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16
Q

yersinia enterocolitica

A

bloody diarrhea; day care outbreaks; pseudoappendicitis

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17
Q

c. diff

A

nonbloody diarrhea; pseudomembraneous collitis; caused by abx; occasionally bloody diarrhea

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18
Q

c. perfringens

A

nonbloody diarrhea; assoc wth reheated meat; also causes gas gangrene

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19
Q

ETEC

A

traveler’s nonbloody diarrhea; produces heat-labile and heat stable toxins

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20
Q

protozoa

A

nonbloody diarrhea caused by giardia or cryptosporidium

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21
Q

vibrio cholera

A

nonbloody diarrhea; comma-shaped organisms; rice water diarrhea; often from infected seafood

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22
Q

viruses that cause nonbloody diarrhea

A

rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus

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23
Q

Pneumonia in neonates

A

GBS and e. coli

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24
Q

pneumona in kids

A

virueses (esp RSV), mycoplasma, c. trachomatis (less than 3 yo), c. pneumoniae (school-aged kids), strep pneumo

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25
Q

pneumonia in adults

A

strep pneumo, c. pneumoniae, mycoplasma, h. influenza, anaerobes, and viruses

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26
Q

pneumonia in the elderly

A

strep pneumo, influenza virs, anaerobes, h. influenzae, gram neg rods

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27
Q

pneumonia in alcoholics/IVDU

A

strep pneumo, klebsiella, staph aureus

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28
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

anaerobes (peptostreptococcus, fusobacterium, prevotella, bacteroides)

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29
Q

atypical pneumonia

A

mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

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30
Q

CF pneumonia

A

pseudomonas, staph aurea, strep pneumo

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31
Q

pneumonia in the immunocompromised

A

staph aureus, enteric GNR, fungi, viruses, PCP

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32
Q

nosocomial pneumonia

A

staph aureus, pseudomonas, other enteric GNR

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33
Q

postviral pneumonia

A

staph aureus, h. influenzae, strep pneumo

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34
Q

meningitis in newborns

A

listeria, e coli, GBS

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35
Q

meningitis in kids

A

strep pneumo, neisseria meningitidis, HIB, enteroviruses

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36
Q

meningitis in adults

A

strep pneumo, neisseria menignitidis, enteroviruses, HSV

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37
Q

meningitis in elderly

A

strep pneumo, GNR, listeria

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38
Q

treatment for suspected meningitis

A

ceftriaxone and vancomycin (add ampicillin if Listeria is suspected)

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39
Q

viral causes of meningitis

A

enteroviruses (esp coxsackie virus), HSV-2 (HSV-1 is more encephalitis), HIV, West Nile virus (also causes encephalitis), VZV

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40
Q

CSF findings in bacterial meningitis

A

increased opening pressure, increased PMNs, increased protein, decreased glucose

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41
Q

CSF findings in fungal or TB meningitis

A

increased opening pressure; increased lymphocytes; increaed protein, decreaed sugar

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42
Q

CSF findings in viral meningitis

A

increased or normal opening pressure; increased lymphoctyes; increased or normal protein; normal glucose

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43
Q

infections causing brain abscesses

A

usually staph aureus or strep; if dental infection, think oral anaerobes; multiple abscesses are typically from bacteremia; single lesions are from contiguous sites (OM and mastoiditis cause temporal lobe and cerebellar abscess; sinusitis or dental infection cause frontal lobe abscess; toxo reactivation in AIDS

44
Q

osteomyelitis organism

A

usually staph aureus

45
Q

osteo in sexually active

A

neisseria gonorrhea (rare, septic arthritis is more common)

46
Q

osteo in sickle cell disease

A

salmonella and staph aureus

47
Q

osteo in prosthetic joint replacement

A

staph aureus or staph epidermidis

48
Q

vertebral osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus, mycobacterium TB (Pott disease)

49
Q

osteo from cat or dog bite

A

pastuerella multicoda

50
Q

osteo in IVDU

A

pseudomonas, candida, staph aureus

51
Q

UTI bugs

A

E coli, second is staph saprophyticus, third is klebsiella pneumoniae

52
Q

e coli

A

leading cause of UTI, colonies show green metallic sheen on EMB agar

53
Q

staph sapro

A

second most common cause of UTI

54
Q

klebsiella pneumoniae

A

third most common cause of UTI; large mucoid capsule and viscous colonies

55
Q

serratia marcescens

A

can cause UTI; some strains produce a red pigment; often nosocomial and drug resistant

56
Q

enterococcus

A

can cause UTI; often nosocomial and drug resistant

57
Q

proteus

A

can cause UTI; motility causes “swarming” on agar; produces urease; assoc with struvite stones

58
Q

psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

can cause UTI; blue-green pigment and fruity odo; usually nosocomial and drug-resistant

59
Q

Bacterial vaginosis

A

no inflammation; thin, white discharge with fishy odor; clue cells, pH>4.5; treat with metronidazole

60
Q

trichomoniases

A

inflammation; “strawberry cervix”; frothy gray-green foul-smelling discharge; motile trichomonads; pH>4.5; treat with metronidazole, and also treat sexual partner

61
Q

candida vulvovaginitis

A

inflammation; thick, white cottage cheese discharge; pseudohyphae; pH normal (4-4.5), treat with the -azoles

62
Q

ToRCHeS infections

A

microbes that pass from mom to fetus; toxo, rubella, CMV, HIV and HSV2, syphilis

63
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat; usually asymptomatic in the mother; neonatal manifestations are chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications, with or without blueberry muffin rash

64
Q

rubella

A

transmitted by respiratory droplets; in mom, causes rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis; neonatal manifestations are PDA (or pulm artery hyperplasia), cataracts, deafness, and possily blueberry muffin rash

65
Q

CMV

A

acquired through sexual contact or organ transplants; in mom, usually asymp or mono-like illness; in baby, hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash, periventricular calcifications

66
Q

HIV

A

presents in baby with recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea

67
Q

HSV-2

A

usually asymp in the mom or herpetic (vesicular) lesions; in baby, presents with encephalitis and lesions

68
Q

Syphilis

A

presents in baby as stillbirth, hydrops fetalis; if child survives, presents with facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN8 deafness

69
Q

red rashes of childhood

A

coxsackie virus type A, HHV-6, measles, parvirus B19, rubella, strep pyogenes, VZV

70
Q

coxsackie virus type A

A

hand-foot and mouth disease; oval vesicles on palms and soles; vesicles and ulcers in oral mucosa

71
Q

HHV-6

A

roseola (exanthum subitum); asymp rose-colored macules appear after several days of high fever

72
Q

measles

A

measles (rubeola); rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivits and blue-white Koplik spots on buccal mucosa

73
Q

parvo B19

A

slapped cheek rash on face; can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant women

74
Q

rubella virus

A

aka german measles; pink macules begin at head and move down to fine desquamating truncal rash; postauricular lymphadenopathy

75
Q

strep pyogenes

A

can cause scarlet fever; erythematous sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat

76
Q

VZV

A

chickenpox; vesicular rash begins on trunk and spread to face and extremities with lesions of different ages

77
Q

chancroid

A

sexually transmitted; painFUL genital ulcer with exudate, inguinal adenopathy; caused by haemophilus ducreyi

78
Q

condylomata acuminata

A

genital warts, caused by HPV 6 and 11

79
Q

lymphogranuloma venereum

A

caused by chlamydia trachomatis (L1-L3); infection of lymphatics; painless genital ulcers, painful lymphadenopathy

80
Q

infections of decubitus ulcers, surgical wounds, drains

A

staph aureus (incl MRSA), gram neg anaerobes

81
Q

infections of IV catheters

A

staph aureus (incl MRSA), staph epi, enterobacter

82
Q

infections assoc with mechanical ventilations and ETT

A

pseudomonas, klebsiella, acinetobacter, staph aureus; note, pseudomonas has a sweet odor

83
Q

infections assoc with renal dialysis unit, needlestick

A

hep b

84
Q

infections assoc with urinary catheter

A

e coli, klebsiella, proteus

85
Q

infections assoc with water aerosols

A

legionella (signs of pneumonia and GI symptoms)

86
Q

rubella virus

A

rash beginning at head and moving down with posterior auricular lymphadenopathy

87
Q

measles virus

A

rash begins at head and moves down; rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and Koplik pots on buccal mucosa

88
Q

HIB

A

microbe colonizes the nasopharynx; can present as meningitis or epiglottitis (cherry red epiglottis) with thumbprint sign on xray

89
Q

poliovirus

A

meningitis, myalgia, paralysis

90
Q

corynebacterium diptheriae

A

toxin causes necrosis in pharynx, cardiac, and CNS tissue; grayish oropharyngeal exudate with painful throat

91
Q

asplenic patient

A

encapsulated microbes (pneumococcus, meningococcus, HIB)

92
Q

branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

93
Q

chronic granulomatous disease

A

catalase pos microbes, esp staph aureus

94
Q

currant jelly sputum

A

klebsiella

95
Q

dog or cat bite

A

pastuerella multicoda

96
Q

facial nerve palsy

A

borrelia burgdorferi

97
Q

fungal infection in diabetic or immunocomp patient

A

mucor or rhizopus

98
Q

health care provider

A

hep B (from needle stick)

99
Q

neutropenic paitne

A

candida albicans (systemic), aspergillus

100
Q

organ transplant recipient

A

CMV

101
Q

PAS pos

A

tropheryma whipplei (Whipple disease)

102
Q

pediatric infection

A

h. influenzae (incl epiglottitis)

103
Q

pneumonia in CF, burn infection

A

pseudomonas

104
Q

pus, empyema, abscess

A

staph aureus

105
Q

rash on hands and feet

A

coxsackie A virus, syphilis, or rickettsia rickettsii

106
Q

sepsis/meningitis in new born

A

GBS

107
Q

traumatic open wound

A

clostridium perfringens

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