Pharm - Sleep And Seizures Flashcards
A sedative is…
… a drug that reduces irritability/excitement to create sedation
A hypnotic is…
… a drug that makes you sleepy
A sedative-hypnotic is…
… a drug that is used to relieve anxiety by depressing the CNS AND makes you sleepy.
An anticonvulsant is…
… a drug that suppresses the rapid firing of neurons that starts a seizure
Status-epilepticus is
30+ minutes of seizure or a series of seizures.
Can occur with any seizure type
What are the common effects that sedative-hypnotics have on the body? What are they used for?
Primarily for anxiety and insomnia.
Any drug that depresses CNS function will have similar effects:
sleepiness
Impaired thinking and perception (reduced pain sensitivity, too)
Slowed reflexes and breathing
What are the three types of sedative-hypnotics?
Benzodiazepines
Z-drugs (benzodiazepine receptor agonists)
Barbiturates
BZDs and Z-drugs work the same way: what is it?
How are barbiturates different?
BZDs, Z-drugs: increase the frequency of the GABA channel opening
Barbiturates: depends on the dose:
Low-dose: keep the GABA channel open longer
High-dose: mimics GABA
Six uses for BZDs?
Panic attacks Insomnia Seizures Anesthesia Muscle spasm ETOH withdrawal (PISAME)
What happens if you take too much BZD?
What’s the antidote?
Respiratory depression
Sedation and lethargy
Antidote: flumazenil
When would you use a rapid action benzo (2)?
What are examples for each?
Short procedures (Midazolam: versed)
Insomnia (Triazolam)
What are intermediate acting BZDs sometimes used for insomnia?
Alprazolam
Lorazepam
Oxazepam
Temazepam
Why would you use long-acting BZDs?
Examples?
ETOH withdrawal
Clonazepam
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Flurazepam
What are Z-drugs supposed to be used for?
Insomnia. Very short term only.
NOT anxiety
What’s a weird side effect of Z-drugs?
Sleep-walking and strange dreams