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2nd Semester Nursing > MedSurg: Electrolyte Connections: Effects > Flashcards

MedSurg: Electrolyte Connections: Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Low Magnesium (Numbers and effects)

A

Less than 1.3

Hyperexcitability of muscles & nerves

  • Heart problems (increased HR, VFIB, PVCs, increased BP)
  • CNS problems (confusion, dizziness, seizures)
  • muscle problems (cramps, tetany, tremors)
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2
Q

High Magnesium (numbers and effects)

A

Over 2.1

Slowed Na/K pump activity

  • heart (decreased rate and bp)
  • breathing (decreased rate, difficult to move diaphragm)
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3
Q

Hypomagnesemia resembles

A

HYPOcalcemia

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4
Q

Hyperphosphatemia resembles

A

HYPOcalcemia

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5
Q

Low Phosphorus (numbers and effects)

A

Under 2.4

APs are slowed (O2 not getting to cells)
-weak muscles (weak breathing, weak heart, dysrhythmias)
-CNS depression (coma)
Soft bones (can’t bind with calcium for bone strength)

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6
Q

High Phosphorus (numbers and effects)

A

Over 4.4

Looks like LOW calcium d/t inverse relationship.
-hyperexcitable APs (tetany, cramps, tingling, seizures)
Too much Ca binding: precipitates all over body and under skin

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7
Q

Hypocalcemia (numbers and effects)

A

Less than 8.6 total, less than 4.5 ionized

AP hyperexcitability (too much sodium allowed into cells)

  • Parasthesias (tingling around mouth [first] and fingers)
  • Heart (Ventricular tachycardia)
  • Muscles (tetany/hyperreflexia)
  • Brain (anxiety, confusion, hyperventilation)
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8
Q

Hypercalcemia (numbers and effects)

A

Above 10.2

APs harder to attain

  • heart (dysrhythmias)
  • brain (confusion)
  • muscles (lessened reflexes)

Chronic effects:

  • kidney stones
  • brittle bones
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9
Q

Hypokalemia (numbers, effects)

A

Under 3.5

APs more difficult to repolarize/initiate

  • Weaker heart (decreased rate, weaker pulse)
  • Muscles weak (softness, paralysis, paralytic ileus + vomiting)
  • Decreased breathing (also d/t weak muscles)
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10
Q

Hyperkalemia (numbers and effects)

A

Over 5.0

APs are hyperexcitable. Think about flushing toilet and insufficient refill time.
Heart: (vfib and T-wave peaks, irregular heart rate)
(Can cause cardiac arrest if sudden - trauma/crush injury)
Other muscles (weakness, cramps, diarrhea)

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11
Q

Hypovolemic Hypernatremia (numbers, effects)

A

Over 145

Thirst, dry mouth
Altered LOC
Dry, flushed skin
Increased SG
Increased HR and RR
Decreased BP
Seizures, Coma, Death
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12
Q

Hypervolemic Hypernatremia (numbers and effects)

A

Over 145

Altered LOC, restlessness
Increased BP, HR, RR
JVD, edema, crackles
Weight gain
Decreased urinary output, increased SG
Seizures, coma death
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13
Q

Hypovolemic Hyponatremia (numbers, effects)

A

Under 135

Low BP, OH
Increased HR, thready pulse
Dry mouth
Irritability
Cold, clammy skin
Seizures, coma, death
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14
Q

Hypervolemic Hyponatremia

A

Under 135

High BP
JVD
Weight Gain
Nausea/Vomiting
Confusion
Seizures, coma, death
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15
Q

Cool, clammy skin can be a sign of…

A

Hyponatremia

Sns constricts blood vessels to increase fluid volume

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16
Q

Dry, red, flushing skin can be a sign of..

A

Hypernatremia

17
Q

Intense thirst and agitation can be a sign of

A

Hypernatremia

18
Q

Vomiting can be a sign of

A

Hypokalemia

D/t paralytic ileus from decreased AP and muscle activity

19
Q

Circumoral numbness and tingling can be a sign of

A

Hypocalcemia

20
Q

Tetany

Precipitants under skin

A

Hyperphosphatemia

21
Q 
Muscle  weakness
Poor breathing
Decreased stroke volume
Confusion
Eventually coma
A

Hypophosphatemia

22
Q

Weakness in every muscle
Decreased heart rate, weak contractility
Low respiratory rate, poor diaphragm strength

A

Hypermagnesemia

23
Q

Cardiac arrhythmias
Dizziness/confusion
Tetany
Seizures

A

Hypomagnesemia

24
Q 
Ventricular dysrhythmias
Confusion
Lessened reflexes
Risk for kidney stones
Brittle bones
A

Hypercalcemia

25
Q 
Circumoral tingling
Ventricular tachycardia
Tetany/hyperreflexia
Confusion
Anxiety
Hyperventilation
A

Hypocalcemia

26
Q

V-fib, EKG changes
Irregular HR
Anxious, Irritable
Weak muscles

A

Hyperkalemia

27
Q

Irregular, low HR
Vomiting
Soft muscles

A

Hypokalemia

28
Q

Low BP
Weight loss
Restlessness

A

Hypernatremia with insufficient volume

29
Q 
Red, flushing skin
Intense thirst
Increased BP, Increased HR, Increased Resp rate
JVD
Weight gain
Restlessness
A

Hypernatremia with excess fluid

30
Q 
Low BP, OH, dizziness
Increased HR, thready pulse
Confusion
Dry mouth
Irritability
Cold, clammy skin
A

Hyponatremia with low volume

31
Q

Sodium’s jobs

A

Regulate water
Acid-base balance
Electrical transmissions

32
Q

Potassium’s jobs

A

Neuromuscular excitability

Cell growth and rebuilding

33
Q

Calcium’s jobs

A

Cardiac and skeletal muscle function
Blood clotting
Strengthens bones

34
Q

Phosphorus’s job

A

Nerve/muscle function
Metabolism
RBC and O2
Strengthens bones with calcium

35
Q

Magnesium’s job

A

Regulates PTH
Transfers and stores energy
Metabolism of proteins, carbs, lipids

2nd Semester Nursing (18 decks)

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