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SBM > Pharm Randoms > Flashcards

Pharm Randoms Flashcards

1
Q

first line of care for diabetics with HTN

A

ace inhibitor

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2
Q

4 times of sympatholytic agents

A

act within CNS
act on autonomic ganglia
act on post-ganglionic neurons
block peripheral adrenergic receptors

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3
Q

what can clonidine help with

A

withdrawal symptoms of opioids

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4
Q

trimethaphan will

A

almost never be used, maybe just by anesthesiologist when patient is knocked out

only given by IV

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5
Q

1st drug approved for early BP lowering

A

reserpine

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6
Q

B-blockers will not

A

reduce chance of having a stroke, but a pt with HRN and a fib- 1st line because two birds one stone

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7
Q

labetolol is typically

A

not a first line drug due to so many side effects

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8
Q

ace inhibitors help with

A

angioedema

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9
Q

no B2 blockers for

A

asthma

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10
Q

angina

A

propanolol

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11
Q

goal BP reduction

A

25%

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12
Q

best anti HTN drug for pregnancy

A

clonidine/methyldopa

**treat to avoid pre-eclampsia

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13
Q

ACE inhibitors delay

A

development of renal failure

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14
Q

positive chronotropic agent

A

increases HR via SA

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15
Q

positive dromotropic agent

A

increase conduction in AV node mostly by S and PS

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16
Q

remodeling response is also known as

A

proliferative response

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17
Q

low preload

A

crystalloid

blood

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18
Q

bradycardia

A

atropine
isoproterenol
pacemaker

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19
Q

tachycardia

A

cadioversion

antiarrhythmic drugs

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20
Q

dec contract

A 
epi
dopamine
dobutamine
calcium
glucagon
digoxin
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21
Q

excessive vasoconstriction

A 
lisinopril
hydralazine
prazosin
carvedilol
nitroglycerin
nitropursside
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22
Q

excessive or abnormal contractility

A

metoprolol

verapamil

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23
Q

atropine sulfate avoid in

side effects

A

patients with glaucoma,

obstructive uropathy, gi obstruction, ileum, toxic megacolon

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24
Q

hydralazine is not

A

useful by itseld

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25
Q

aldosterone side effect

A

hyperkalemia

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26
Q

how to prevent chronic remodeling

A

block effects of aldoserone on cardiac tissue (spirnolactone)

block stimulation of myocardial beta-1 R SLOWLY/GENTLY

block production of AT II or ARBs

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27
Q

milk thistle

A

hepatoprotective by stimulating nucleolar polymerase A –>ribosomal protein synthesis

28
Q

glucosamine

A

inflammation
osteoarthritis

degeneration of cartilage glycosaminoglycans

adverse- GI, headache, leg pain, edema, itching

29
Q

GIngko

A

memory and concentration

improves tolerance of brain tissue to hypoxia by increasing cerebral blood flow

30
Q

ginseng

A

overall health, performance, stamina enhancer–immuno stimulation

improves release of ash–CNS stim and inhib

31
Q

garlic

A

atherosclerosis, high cholesterol/LDL

inhib HMG-COA reductase–increased fibrinolysis

32
Q

ginger

A

anti-emetic, treatment of nausea and committing, motion sickness

interact with with 5ht R
inhibit thromboxane

33
Q

Echinacea

A

treat prevent cold and flus

activate phagosomes, tnf, etc

34
Q

St John’s wort

A

depression, anxiety

inhibit synaptosomal uptake of 5ht, da, and NE

35
Q

saw palmetto

A

benign prostatic hypertrophy, inhalammation

reduce uptake of testosterone and DHT

36
Q

Soy

A

relief of symptoms and pre and post- menopause women

interact with estogren R

37
Q

herb-drug interactions

A

cytochrome P450 enzymes
UGTs
P-gp

38
Q

cheese reaction

A

tyramine in cheese, metabolized by MAO, if taking MAO tyramine builds up and can potentiate sump CV activity by releasing NA–>HTN response

39
Q

TH2

A

associated with asthma

40
Q

cellular action B2 agonist

A

B2 agonist binds R–>GPCR–>increase camp–>protein kinase–>reduces ca2+–>relaxes smooth muscle

41
Q

3 other properties of B2 agonists

A

enhance mucociliary clearance
decrease microvascular permeability
suppress mediator release from inflame cells

42
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

elevates liver function tests, do not use with statin

43
Q

aspirin and plavix togehter

A

bruise everywhere

44
Q

NO

A

nitric oxide

45
Q

N2O

A

nitrous oxide

46
Q

NO2

A

nitrite

47
Q

NO2

A

nitrate

48
Q

antiarrhythmics

A

significantly prolong depolarization (QT interval) and therefore can result in tornado de pointe as a form of pro-arrhthmia

49
Q

only anti arrhythmic drug that proves mortality is

A

BETA BLOCKER

50
Q

what is the best thing to use fir an arrhythmia

A

ICD

51
Q

which class prolongs QT most

A

III and Ia

52
Q

What antiarr has been shown o reduce mortality post MI?

A

propanolol

53
Q

chronotropic agents

A

increase in HR via SA

54
Q

positive dromotrophic agents

A

increase in conduction in AV node mostly innervated by S and PS

55
Q

total cholesterol levels

A

desirable 240

56
Q

LDL levels

A

desirable 160

57
Q

HDL levels

A

desirable >50
borderline 40-50
bad <40

58
Q

never use these drugs

A

Beta antg
cholinergic agonist
adenosine
aspirin and nsaids

59
Q

ace inhibitors and asthma

A

dry cough

60
Q

aminiosterioids

A

pancuronium
veruronium
rocuronium

61
Q

benzylisoquinolones

A

cistracurium

d-tubocranine

62
Q

Pancuronium

A

renal clearance

63
Q

vecuronium

A

hepatic clearance

64
Q

rocuronium

A

hepatic cleareance

65
Q

cisatracurium

A

inactivated by plasmaChE

SBM (18 decks)

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