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Pharm Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmakon means?

A

-drug or poison

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2
Q

Kinesis means?

A

motion

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3
Q

What does pharmakon & kinesis make when they combine?

A

Pharmacokinetics

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4
Q

What is the process through the body for the drug?

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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5
Q

Absorption of drugs comes through where?

A

GI tract
Blood
Other sites of admin

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6
Q

What distributes the drugs?

A

Blood

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7
Q

What metabolizes the drugs?

A

Liver
Kidney
Sites of action
& other sites

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8
Q

Where does excretion occur and what comes out of these organs?

A

Liver - Bile
Kidney - Urine

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9
Q

What does the absorption of drugs mean?

A

the movement of a drug from its site of admin into the blood

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10
Q

What does the rate of absorption determine?

A

Determines how soon effects will take place

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11
Q

What does the amount of absorption determine?

A

Determines how intense the effects will be

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12
Q

What are factors that affect the process of absorption?

A

Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Route of Admin

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13
Q

What are the two major groups of routes of admin?

A

Enteral (GI tract)
Parenteral (Outside the GI tract)

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14
Q

How do we take drugs through the enteral route?

A

Oral (PO)

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15
Q

How do we take drugs through the parenteral (outside the GI tract)

A

IV
Subcutaneous (subQ)
Intramuscular (IM)

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16
Q

What does PO mean

A

by way of mouth

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17
Q

What are barriers to oral absorption?

A

Epithelial lining of GI tract
Capillary wall

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18
Q

What is the absorption pattern of meds take PO

A

slow & variable

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19
Q

What are the advantages of take PO meds?

A

Safer than injection routes
Ideal for self-admin
Easy, convient, in-expensive

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20
Q

What are the disadvantages of taking meds PO?

A

Can cause GI irritation
Requires a cooperative pt
Inactivation
Variability

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21
Q

What are the barriers to absorption of IV meds?

A

None

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22
Q

What is the absorption pattern of IV meds?

A

Instantaneous & complete

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23
Q

What are the advantages of giving meds via IV

A

Rapid onset
Control
Permits use of large fluid volumes
Permits use of irritant drugs

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24
Q

What are the disadvantages of using IV meds?

A

High cost, difficulty, inconvinience
Irreversibility
Infection
High risk

25
What are the barriers to IM & subQ meds?
None
26
What is the absorption pattern for IM & subQ meds?
Variable Water solubility Blood flow
27
What are the advantages of giving IM & subQ meds?
Can be used for poorly soluble drugs Can be used for droplet preparations
28
What are the disadvantages for IM & subQ drugs?
Discomfort Inconvience Can cause muscle & nerve injury w/ improper technique Bleeding risk
29
What is depot prep for a drug?
drug that is absorbed slowly over an extended period of time
30
When is parenteral admin preferred?
emergencies situations requiring tight control gi incompatibility Treatment w/ drugs that cannot cross membranes conditions better treated w/ long-acting prep. pt's who cannot or will not take oral prep.
31
What is GI incompatibility?
Destruction of drugs by GI system Drugs that would cause GI injury
32
What is the definition of distribution of drugs?
the movement of drugs throughout the body
33
What is the distribution process?
Drug's ability to enter cells Blood flow to tissues Drug's ability to exit the vascular system
34
What does drug metabolism mean?
the enzymatic alteration of drug structure to a more water-soluble form that can be excreted
35
What are special factors/considerations in drug metabolism?
age first pass effect nutritional status competition b/w drugs
36
What is the first-pass effect (define)?
certain meds that are completely metabolized when passing through the GI tract
37
Define excretion of drugs
the removal of drugs from the body
38
Where can drugs exit the body?
Bile Urine/Feces Sweat/Saliva Breast milk Expired air
39
Monitoring of drug responses: What are plasma drug levels?
Correlation b/w response to drug & level in plasma
40
Monitoring of drug responses: What are the two important levels?
Minimum effective concentration (MEC) Toxic concentration
41
What does minimum concentration mean?
the lowest level we will see any therapeutic effects
42
What does toxic concentration mean?
the deadly concentration of a drug
43
Monitoring of drug responses: what is the therapeutic range?
determines whether the drug can be safely given
44
Do we want a wide or short therapeutic range?
wide
45
Monitoring of drug responses: what does drug half-life determine?
it determines dosing interval
46
What is the definition of drug-half life?
time required for the % of the drug in the body to decrease by 50%
47
Monitoring of Drug Responses: What does repeated dosing mean?
Determines rate & extent of accumulation
48
Repeated dosing is also known as?
How a med plateaus w/in a pt
49
Repeated dosing: What does the peak mean?
highest level of the drug in the body 1-2 hours after a dose
50
Repeated dosing: what does the trough mean?
lowest point of the drug in the body. Which is right before giving the drug.
51
Repeated dosing: What does maintenance mean?
keeping the pt @ a steady state of drugs
52
Repeated dosing: what does loading mean?
larger dose that we start out with
53
What is the definition of a dose-response relationship?
relationship b/w the size of an administered dose & the intensity of the response produced
54
What is ED50
avg. effective dose
55
What is LD50?
lethal dose
56
Drug-Drug Interactions: What is Potentiate
Intensifies the effects
57
Drug-Drug Interactions: What is Inhibit
Reduce the effects
58
Drug-Drug Interactions: What is New Response
Effect not seen w/ single drug dose alone
59
What are the Drug-Food Interactions?
Absorption Drug metabolism Drug toxicity Drug action Timing

IM1 (18 decks)

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