Body Mechanics Flashcards by Katelyn Kelley

What is body mechanics?

describes coordination of musculoskeletal system & nervous system which makes all movement & alignment possible

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Reg. of movement: Nervous sys. innervates skeletal muscle for?

posture & movement

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Reg. of movement: Nervous sys. innervates smooth muscle for?

digestive tract
bladder
blood vessels

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Reg. of movement: Nervous sys. innervates cardiac muscles for?

contracts spontaneously

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What is the Range of Motion in Joints

Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction

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What is Abduction?

The limb moving away from the body

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What is adduction?

moving the limb towards the body

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What is rotation?

turning your head side to side

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What is circumduction?

The circular movement of a body part

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What are is the most costly occupational health problem?

work-related disorders

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What are places that can have soft tissue damage in the body?

muscles
tendons
ligaments
joints
blood vessels
nerves
spinal disks

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What are the three big risk factors for injury?

Duration
Frequency
Intensity

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Injuries Risk factors: What 3 things can impact the risk for injury

tasks
nurse
pt

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What are risk for injuries among pt’s

Weak/unable to help transfer
Vision or hearing loss
Overweight
Poor communication
Pt’s are unpredictable
Pt’s can be uncooperative
Experiencing pain

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What are risk factors for nurse injuries at work?

Previous injuries
Not trained properly
Not compliant w/ policies & procedures
Poor physical health
Sleep deprivation

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What are task related frisk factors that could cause injury?

reaching & lifting w/ loads far from the body
lifting heavy loads
twisting while lifting
unexpected changes in load demand during lift
reaching
long duration

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What are the big things cause injury?

frequent lifting & moving
moving or carrying a load a significant distance
awkward posture
pushing/pulling incorrectly
completing activity w/ bed or chair @ wrong ht

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What are the foundations of body mechanics?

face direction of movement
body alignment
center of gravity
balance
base of support

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where do we need to keep the center of gravity?

keep it OVER a wide base of support. think triangle

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What are the principles for body mechanics

arrange for proper help
flex knees & keep hips wide apart
keep back, neck, pelvis, & feet aligned
avoid twisting
tighten stomach muscles & pull butt in
keep object close to you
use arms & legs
don’t use your back
use coordinated movements

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Pt handling: what are activity orders?

a doctor’s order about the type & amount of activity a pt can have in the hospital

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Activity orders abbreviations: br or cbr?

bedrest/ complete bed rest

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Activity orders: br w/ brp?

bedrest w/ bathroom privileges

Activity orders: up ad lib?

as pt wants to/ desires

Activity orders: up as tolerated?

as pt is able

Activity orders: dangle?

pt may sit & dangle their ft over the edge of the bed

Activity orders: up to chair w/assist?

pt may transfer from bed to chair w/ assist

Wt bearing abbreviations: NWB?

non-wt bearing

Wt bearing: TDWB?

touch-down wt bearing

Wt bearing: TTWB

toe-touch wt bearing

Wt bearing: WBAT

Wt bearing as tolerated

Wt bearing: FWB

full wt bearing

What do we need for a standard fall bundle?

two pt identifiers Call light in reach room free of clutter belonging in reach bed locked in lowest position non-skid socks

What do other things do we need for a moderate fall bundle?

Standard precautions fall magnet yellow socks & gown

What other things do we need for a high fall bundle?

Standard & moderate fall equipment Door open bed/chair alarm

What do we do if a pt is in the shower?

do not leave pt unattended in shower utilize shower shoes

Bed positions: high fowler's?

HOB 90 degrees

Bed positions: Fowler's

HOB to angle of 45 degrees or more

Bed positions: Semi fowler's

HOB raised to 30 degrees

Bed positions: trendelenburg

entire bed tilted w/ HOB down

Reverse trendelenburg?

entire bed tilted w/ foot of bed down

Flat?

entire bed is horizontal to floor

Pt positions: supine

pt laying on their back

Pt positions: prone

pt laying on stomach

pt postions: lateral

pt on one side

pt positions: lateral recumbent (sims)

pt partially on stomach & side

pt positions: orthopneic

pt is sitting slightly leaned forward w/ arms propped on bedside table or knees

pt positions: lithotomy

pt is having a pelvic exam

What are the procedures for lifting?

Use it as a LAST RESORT Assess pt's wt Get help Bend @ knees Use large muscles @ back of the legs instead of back to lift

What are some assistive devices?

Gait belt hoyer lift trapeze bars slide board hover mat

Ambulation:

ability to walk

Gait:

manner of walking

Before assisting w/ ambulation procedures:

Evaluate environment for safety obtain baseline VS dangle pt support @ their waist return pt to chair/bed if dizzy support pt w/ hemiplegia or hemiparesis get help if needed

Assistive devices: cane

single straight-legged quad cane

Crutches:

axilla forearmq

Walker:

standard two-wheel rollator