Pharm Quiz 1 Flashcards
Anti-platelets Agents
Anti- platelets
Acts to show the initial phases of blood clotting in arteries. Helps lower risk of a 2nd cardiac event (often used after by-pass surgery or cardiac stents)
Clopidogrel (Plavix); Aspirin
Blood thinners
Anticoagulants
Prevents the blood from clotting. Used in atrial fibrillation, valve replacement, and patients with a history of blood clots.
Oral: Warfarin (Coumadin)
Injectables: Heparin; Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Clot-busters
Thrombolytics
Injectable medication given at the onset of a heart attack to break a coronary artery clot and restore blood flow.
Retavase (alteplase); Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Loop
Diuretics
Lowers blood pressure by causing the body to excrete excess fluid and sodium.
Furosemide (Lasix); Bumetanide (Bumex)
K+ sparing
Diuretics
Lowers blood pressure by causing the body excrete excess fluid and sodium.
Spironolactone
Thiazides
Diuretics
Lowers blood pressure by causing the body to excrete excess fluid and sodium.
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Blood Pressure
Anti-Hypertensives listed below are used to control blood pressure as described below in each category. Lower BP reduces the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Dilates blood vessels to lower blood pressure and help heart empty in congestive heart failure (helps to prevent progression of disease)
Lisinopril (Zestril); Ramipril (Altace); Enalapril (Prinivil)
Beta-Blockers
Blood Pressure
Anti-Hypertensives listed below are used to control blood pressure as described below in each category. Lower BP reduces the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Lowers heart rate and lowers blood pressure (including protection against arrhythmias). Helps lower risk of stroke and heart attacks.
Atenolol (Tenormin); Carvedilol (Coreg); Metoprolol (Toprol XL, Lopressor)
Anti-Arrhythmic
Blood Pressure
Anti-Hypertensives listed below are used to control blood pressure as described below in each category. Lower BP reduces the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Used to bring control to abnormal rhythms of the heart (including atrial fibrilation), so the heart can pump more effectively.
Sotalol (Betapace); Amiodarone (Cordarone); Verapamil (Calan); Digoxin (Lanoxin); Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Blood Pressure
Anti-Hypertensives listed below are used to control blood pressure as described below in each category. Lower BP reduces the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Relaxes blood vessels (vasodilates) to assist in blood pressure control and prevention of angina (chest pain). Some also can be used to control arrhythmias (i.e., atrial fibrillation)
Amlodipine (Norvasc); Diltiazem (Cardizem); Nifedipine (Procardia); Verapamil (Calan)
Anti-Anginal (Vasodilators)
Blood Pressure
Used to treat angina (chest pain). Relaxes blood vessels (vasodilates) and stops chest pain by increasing oxygen flow to the heart.
Nitroglycerine (Nitrobid, Nitrostat); Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur); Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Heart Failure
Blood Pressure
Increases efficiency of heart (decrease rate), decreases resistance (helps afterload)
Carvedilol (Coreg); ACE-Inhibitors, diuretics, beta-blockers (see specific sections for examples)
Cholesterol- Reducing Agents
Cholesterol Binding Agents
Lowers level of fats (lipids) in the blood, which include cholesterol and triglycerides. Blocks production of specific enzyme the body uses to make cholesterol. Reduces the risk of heart attack.
Statins: Atorvastin (Lipitor); Simvastatin (Zocor); Pravastatin (Pravachol); Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Others: Ezembide (Zetia)
Combination: Vytorin
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID)
Analgesics
Decreases inflammation
Ketorolac (Toradol); Ibuprofen (Motrin/ Advil); Indomethacin (Indocin); Naproxsyn (Aleve); Hydromorphone/ Morphine; Oxycodone/ Hydrocodone
Non-Narcotics
Analgesics
Pain/ Fever; Decrease inflammation
Acetaminophen (Tylenol); Aspirin (ASA)
