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MED SURG 2 > Chapter 30 Assessment of the Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Assessment of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

Layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium + pericardial fluid/ sack

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2
Q

Heart Chambers & Great Vessels

A

Right and Left Atria; Right and Left Ventricles; Pulmonary artery; Aorta; Inferior Vena Cava; Pulmonary Veins

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3
Q

What divides the Right ventricle from the Left Ventricle?

A

Septum

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4
Q

How much blood does the heart pump per min?

A

5L

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5
Q

Atrioventricular Valves (AV)

A

Tricuspid and Mitral Valves

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6
Q

Semilunar Valves (SV)

A

Pulmonic and Aortic Valves

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7
Q

Left Anterior Descending (LAD)

A

aka: Widow maker

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8
Q

Coronary Vessel Circulation

A

Left Anterior Descending (LAD); Circumflex; Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

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9
Q

The is the what between the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation?

A

connection

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10
Q

The ability to generate an electrical impulse independently of stimulation by the nervous system or any other source is called what? (pacemaker cells)

A

automaticity

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11
Q

The ability of the cells to respond to electrical stimulation is what? (muscle and nerve cells of the heart)

A

excitability

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12
Q

The ability to pass or propagate an electrical impulse from cell to cell through the heart.

A

conductivity

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13
Q

mechanical activity of the heart (not an electrical activity)

A

contractility

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14
Q

Conduction System Sequence from fastest to slowest

A

SA Node - AV Node- Bundle of His - Bundle Branches - Purkinje Fibers

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15
Q

What is the primary pacemaker at a rate of 60-100?

A

SA Node

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16
Q

What rate is the AV node?

A

40- 60 (bradycardic)

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17
Q

Resting state or what? of the heart

A

polarized

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18
Q

electrical stimulation changes __________

A

permeability

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19
Q

conductivity moves ________ rapidly from cell to cell

A

depolarization (milliseconds)

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20
Q

the heart must return to ________ ________ of internal negativity for further depolarization to occur

A

resting state

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21
Q

Mechanical Properties of the Heart

A

Cardiac Output; Heart Rate; Stroke Volume; Preload; Resistance; Myocardial Contractility

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22
Q

the amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute

A

Cardiac output

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23
Q

Cardiac Output =

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

24
Q

Blood pumped through the heart at an estimated _____mL per Heart beat?

A

60mL

25
Q

the number of times the ventricles contract each minute

A

heart rate

26
Q

determined by the autonomic nervous system

A

heart rate

27
Q

autonomic nervous system is composed of what 2 systems

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

28
Q

amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each contraction

A

stroke volume

29
Q

4 factors affecting cardiac output are?

A

preload, afterload, contractility and heart rate

30
Q

volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (degree of myocardial stretch)

A

preload

31
Q

SV of the heart increases in response to an increase in volume if blood filling the heart

A

Starling’s Law

32
Q

resistance the ventricles must pump against in order to circulate blood

A

afterload

33
Q

afterload is greater on which ventricle?

A

left is greater than the right

34
Q

the force of contraction

A

contractility

35
Q

controls all components of the heart

A

sympathetic nervous system

36
Q

releases Norepinephrine

A

sympathetic nervous system

37
Q

positive chronotropic

A

increases HR

38
Q

positive inotropic

A

increases contractility

39
Q

positive chronotropic/ positive inotropic

A

sympathetic nervous system

40
Q

controls the SA node and AV node

A

parasympathetic nervous system

41
Q

releases Acetylcholine

A

parasympathetic nervous system

42
Q

negative chronotropic

A

decreases HR

43
Q

has little effect on contractility

A

parasympathetic nervous system

44
Q

Cardiovascular changes with age

A

*decreased vessel elasticity
*increased calcification of vessels
*impaired valve function
*decrease in muscle tone (including heart)
*decrease in baroreceptor response to BP changes
*decreased conduction ability of the heart

45
Q

purpose of taking patient history during the assessment

A

to obtain info about risk factors and symptoms of CV disease

46
Q

what is the best indicator of fluid balance?

A

weight

47
Q

1 liter of fluid =

A

2.2 lb/ 1 kg

48
Q

precordium

A

sternal/ 5th costal space

49
Q

What are the 5 areas for listening to the heart?

A

All People Enjoy Time Magazine
A-Aorta P-Pulmonic E- Erb’s Point T- Tricuspid M- Mitral

50
Q

train your ears to what you are seeing

A

telemetry/ stethoscope

51
Q

Triad of symptoms for women (heart disease)

A

weakness/ fatigue, indigestion, strangling

52
Q

Serum markers for myocardial damage

A

troponin, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, serum lipids

53
Q

cardiac lab tests

A

blood coagulation studies, ABGs, CBC, cardiac markers

54
Q

measurement of pressure, flow, and oxygenation of blood within the CV system

A

hemodynamic monitoring

55
Q

to identify abnormal physiology and intervene before complications, including organ failure and death, occur

A

the purpose of hemodynamic monitoring

56
Q

cardiac diagnostic testing

A

ECG (electrocardiography), EPS (electrophysiologic study), Stress Test (excercise electrocardiography), Echocardiography (Pharmacologic stress echocardiogram and transesphopaheal echocardiogram (TEE), Lexiscan

MED SURG 2 (12 decks)

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