Pharm: Module 8 Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Flashcards
describe sympathetic
adrenergic receptors energize fight or flight increased HR and RR alpha and beta receptors
describe parasympathetic
cholinergic receptors
stabilize
nicotinic/muscarinic receptors
enhance
agonist
block (opposite effect)
antagonist
describe alpha 1 adrenergic agonist receptors
increase cardiac contractility and vasoconstriction
dilates pupils, decreases salivary gland secretion
increase bladder and prostate contraction
describe alpha 2 adrenergic agonist receptors
inhibits norepinephrine release
promotes vasodilation and decreases BP
decreases GI motility and tone
describe beta 1 adrenergic agonist receptors
increase cardiac contractility and HR
increaser renin secretion and BP
describe beta 2 adrenergic agonist receptors
decrease GI tone and motility bronchodilation increase blood flow to skeletal muscles relaxes SM of uterus activates liver glycogenolysis(increase of BG)
directly stimulate receptor
direct acting
ie/ epinephrine
is epinephrine selective or nonselective
nonselective alpha 1 (increase in BP), beta 1 (increase HR), beta 2 (bronchodilation)
what are the cautions associated with epinephrine
cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, pregnancy
what is epinephrine used for
anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock, bronchospasms, asystole, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, asthma attack
side effects of epinephrine
palpitations, tachycardia, insomnia, hyperglycemia
drug interactions of epinephrine
beta blocker (decrease action), digoxin (dysrhythmias), and TCAS/MAOIS (intensify action)
nursing interventions for epinephrine
monitor BP, HR, urine output
avoid adrenergic nasal spray and cold meds
is albuterol selective or nonselective
selective
acts on Beta 2
what does albuterol promote
bronchodilation
relaxes muscles in airways and increases air flow to lungs
what is albuterol used for
bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, COPD
what is cautioned with albuterol
hypertension, diabetes, pregnancy, renal dysfunction
side effects of albuterol
similar to epinephrine(Beta 1 stimulation)
tremors, tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias
drug interactions with albuterol
potentiates alcohol and other sedative drugs
give at low first dose to avoid hypotension
discontinue gradually
is psudoenephrine selective or nonselective
nonselective agonist
works on Alpha 1, Alpha 2, and Beta 1
what is psudoenephrine used as
nasal decongestive (nasal spray)
localized
not given more than 3 days
who is not recommended to take psudoenephrine as a pill
hypertensive and cardiac patients because the pill is systemic
describe adrenergic antagonists
block effects of adrenergic neurotransmitter
block alpha and beta receptor sites
opposite effects of agonists
describe alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist receptor
vasodilation, dizziness
orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
suppresses ejaculation
decrease in contraction of SM
describe beta 1 adrenergic antagonist receptor
decrease in cardiac contractility and pulse
describe beta 2 adrenergic antagonist receptor
bronchoconstriction, contracts uterus, inhibits glycogenolysis
is prazosin selective or nonselective
selective for alpha 1 receptors
alpha blocker
what is prazosin used to treat
HTN< benign prostatic hypertrophy
side effects of prazosin
hypotension, tachycardia, inhibition of ejaculation
what is important to know about prazosin
fall risk due to dropping BP
