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Semester 1 Final > Pharm: Module 6 Infection > Flashcards

Pharm: Module 6 Infection Flashcards

1
Q

what is necessary BEFORE giving an antibiotic

A

get a wound culture and sensitivity test

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2
Q

why is wound culture necessary

A

to determine what bacteria is present and what sensitivity level it is

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3
Q

antibiotic is selected based on most common causes

A

Empiric therapy

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4
Q

prevent an infection, usually related to surgery or procedure

A

prophylactic therapy

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5
Q

decrease in signs of infection (fever, WBC count, redness, inflammation, drainage)

A

therapeutic

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6
Q

signs do not improve

A

subtherapeutic

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7
Q

eliminate normal flora and then other bacteria or fungi occur

A

superinfection

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8
Q

examples of superinfections

A

yeast and C. diff

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9
Q

examples of serious nosocomial infections

A

MRSA, VRE, VRSA (need heavy duty antibiotics)

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10
Q

effective against gram positive and negative

used with empiric therapy

A

broad spectrum drugs

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11
Q

effective against one type of bacteria

specific

A

narrow spectrum drugs

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12
Q

what does NVD stand for

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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13
Q

a lot of people are allergic to this

inhibits cell wall synthesis and enters cell wall to rupture it

A

penicillin (beta lactams)

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14
Q

side effects of penicillin

A

allergic reactions, NVD, steven-Johnson syndrome, oral candidiasis, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, alkalosis, lethargy, diarrhea

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15
Q

what does penicillin interact with

A

aminoglycosides and oral contraceptives

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16
Q

what is penicillin commonly used to treat

A

syphilis, rheumatic heart disease, gas gangrene, pneumonia

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17
Q

these are similar to penicillin

bactericidal and interfere with cell wall synthesis

A

cephalosporins

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18
Q

drug type of cephalosporin that is good for staph infections

A

1st cefazolin and 1st cephalexin

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19
Q

drug type of cephalosporin that is good for gonorrhea (injection IM)

A

3rd ceftriaxone

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20
Q

drug type of cephalosporin that is good for MRSA

A

5th cefaroline

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21
Q

side effects of cephalosporins

A

diarrhea, cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, edema, allergic reaction

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22
Q

what do cephalosporins interact with

A

alcohol, antacids, and oral contraceptives

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23
Q

increasing ability to reach cerebral spinal fluid

each generation has increased ability against BBB

A

cephalosporins

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24
Q

what are sulfonamides primarily used to treat

A

UTIs

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25
Q

common drugs of sulfonamides

A

sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

26
Q

side effects of sulfonamides

A

allergy to sulfa, GI complications, fever, rash, photosensitivity

27
Q

important to do when taking sulfonamides

A

take with full glass of water to prevent crystallization in urine
increase total fluid intake

28
Q

what do sulfonamides interact with

A

hypoglycemic meds, increased bleeding with warfarin, and phenytoin (toxicity)

29
Q

who can sulfonamides not be given to

A

pregnant women at term and infants <2 mos

30
Q

aztreonam

not very common

A

monobactam

31
Q

side effects of monobactams

A

NVD, rash

32
Q

what is monobactams used for

A

UTIs, systemic infections

33
Q

common drugs of macrolides

A

azithromycin (Z pak) and Erythromycin

34
Q

this is a good substitute for clients with penicillin allergy

A

macrolides (commonly used)

35
Q

what are macrolides used for

A

infections (respiratory) and chlamydia

36
Q

what should you avoid taking with macrolides

A

fruit juice

37
Q

what should you take two hours after or before taking macrolides

A

antacids

38
Q

side effects of macrolides

A

C.diff

39
Q

what is used to treat syphilis, PI disease and acne

A

tetracyclines

40
Q

when do you give tetracyclines

A

1 hr before food or 2 hrs after (on empty stomach)

41
Q

side effects of tetracyclines

A

teeth discoloration and photosensitivity

42
Q

who should you not give tetracyclines to

A

pregnant women in 1st or 3rd trimester or children < 8 y/o

43
Q

what do tetracyclines interact with

A

antacids and iron (binds with those elements)

44
Q

tetracycline drug

A

doxycycline (which is best absorbed with food)

45
Q

these are very potent

used for very stubborn specific infections

A

aminoglycosides

46
Q

drugs of aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin and amikacin(often given with vancomycin)

47
Q

what are aminoglycosides used to treat

A

pseudomonas

48
Q

side effects of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity and renal toxicity
must track peak and trough levels (30 min to prior does)
narrow therapeutic range

49
Q

what is the drug of quinolones

A

ciprofloxacin

50
Q

what are quinolones used for

A

UTIs

51
Q

side effects of quinolones

A

rupture tendons and tendonitis, V and D, oral candidiasis, constipation, tinnitus, blurred vision

52
Q

used for GU

side effects are NVD

A

clindamycin

53
Q

used for VRE

very expensive, used infrequently

A

linezolid

54
Q

used for GYN infections

A

metronidazole

55
Q

interventions of metronidazole

A

don’t use in 1st trimester of pregnancy

do not use with alcohol

56
Q

this is used for UTIs caused by E coli

side effects are liver toxicity

A

nitrofurantoin

57
Q

very potent antibiotic

first line against MRSA and C diff

A

vancomycin

58
Q

important interventions of vancomycin

A

monitor blood levels

run no more than 90mmin because it can lead to red man syndrome

59
Q

this is not an allergic reaction
release of histamine
can be caused by vancomycin

A

red man syndrome

60
Q

overall nursing implications regarding drugs fighting infection

A 
monitor VS and signs of infection
hypersensitivity
severe diarrhea
monitor OTC products
superinfection

Semester 1 Final (7 decks)

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