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Semester 1 Final > Pharm: Module 10 > Flashcards

Pharm: Module 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of diabetes

A

diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, diabetes insipidus

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2
Q

what type of disease is type 1 diabetes

A

diabetes mellitus

autoimmune disease

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3
Q

what is wrong in a type 1 diabetes patient

A

pancreas is not functioning
over 80% of pancreatic cells are destroyed
body destroyed them so pancreas can no longer produce insulin

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4
Q

what does a normally functioning pancreas do

A

secretes insulin in response to blood glucose levels

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5
Q

three common symptoms of type 1 diabetes

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

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6
Q

how does insulin work

A

attaches to cell and provides glucose entry into the cell

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7
Q

what is the brain’s primary source of energy

A

glucose

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8
Q

what happens in a type 1 patient

A

glucose builds up in blood and cannot enter cells

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9
Q

what occurs when BG reaches 180-200

A

glucose will spill over into urine
polyuria due to hypertonic environment
particle induced diuresis

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10
Q

what leads to polydipsia

A

excessive urination stimulates urge to drink

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11
Q

why do type 1 often lose weight

A

body burns off fat since it is not getting glucose in cells (patient will look tired)

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12
Q

what can occur due to untreated type 1

A

hypovolemic shock or DKA(diabetic ketonic acidosis if BG is over 500)

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13
Q

what is occurring if there are ketones in urine

A

body is burning fat for energy (acid)

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14
Q

what type of diabetes takes pills

A

type 2

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15
Q

what occurs in a type 2 diabetes patient

A

excessive glucose destroys vascular base(membrane)

causes circulation issues and increased risk for infection as bacteria like to grow in sugary envrionments

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16
Q

how do you know the damage has already occurred in a type 2 diabetic

A

when visual and erectile issues occur

diabetic neruoprophy

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17
Q

is the pancreas working in a type 2 diabetic

A

yes, but cells are insulin resistant (cells don’t respond to it)

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18
Q

do type 2 experience weight loss like type 1

A

no, because they have insulin

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19
Q

describe a typical type 2 patient

A

older, overweight
diagnosed by accident
blood sugar is very high but NOT ketones

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20
Q

what can type 2 lead to

A

blindness, kidney disease due to extremely vascular system (sugar kills vascular)

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21
Q

do type 2 tend to end up in DKA

A

no

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22
Q

hypoglycemic BG level and severe

A

<70 mg/dL

severe: <50 mg/dL

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23
Q

euglycemic BG level

A

70-140 mg/dL (normal)

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24
Q

hyperglycemic BG level and severe

A

> 140 mg/dL

severe: >180 mg/dL

25
Q

symptoms of hypoglycemia

A

decreased cognition, tremors, diaphoresis, weakness, hunger, headache, irritability, seizure

26
Q

symptoms of hyperglycemic

A

polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, fatigue, fruity breath, weight loss, hunger, poor wound healing

27
Q

normal fasting BG

A

70-99

28
Q

a fasting BG of what indicates diabetes

A

> 200

29
Q

what is a hemoglobin AC

A

glucose control over 3 hours
indicates what % of RBC has glucose
most accurate pic of diabetic control

30
Q

what hemoglobin AC is normal and what is diabetic

A

normal is < 6%

diabetic is >7%

31
Q

what is the only insulin that can be given IV

A

regular

32
Q

what meds can cross placenta

A

oral meds

33
Q

what crosses placenta

A

glucose but NOT insulin

34
Q

what it lipodystrophy

A

atrophy of tissues

can occur if 1 site is not used up before moving to next

35
Q

what kills people relating to diabetes

A

the CONSEQUENCES of diabetes not actual diabetes

36
Q

when should a diabetic eat

A

when insulin is at peak

37
Q

when there is the greatest risk for hypoglycemia

A

peak

38
Q

how long it will exert therapeutic response

A

duration

39
Q

what is the rapid acting insulin

A

Lispiro

40
Q

when can you give rapid acting

A

only wen food is on tray in front of client

41
Q

when does a rapid acting peak occur

A

within 30 min

42
Q

what is short acting insulin also called

A

regular insulin

43
Q

what is the peak for regular insulin

A

30-60 min

44
Q

when do you give an IV of regular insulin

A

when patient comes in DKA (hypoglycemic and hypokalemic)

45
Q

what is D5W

A

dextrose and water

46
Q

what types of insulin is given in bolus

A

rapid and regular

47
Q

what is the peak of NPH

A

60-120 min

48
Q

describe NPH

A

intermediate insulin
cloudy
mimics normal pancreatic function

49
Q

what is the name of long acting

A

Lantus

50
Q

how is long acting given

A

basal dosing, steady long dose (1x a time)

51
Q

when is the long acting peak

A

no peak

52
Q

what maintains BG level

A

sliding scale

53
Q

what drugs increase BG

A

steroids (glucocorticoids)

Albuterol and epinephrine

54
Q

what drugs decrease BG

A 
Beta Blockers(block body's response to natural epinephrine)
TCA (antidepressant)
55
Q

describe how insulin pumps work

A

basal dose of regular insulin

at meal time a bolus is given

56
Q

what can also spike BG

A

illness and stress

57
Q

describe hypoglycemia

A

low BG

given injection of glucose (glucagon) if extremely low

58
Q

what is the 15:15 rule

A

give 15 g of simple carb then check in another 15 min

once stable give complex carb (peanut butter)

Semester 1 Final (7 decks)

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