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Semester 1 Final > Pharm: Module 11 Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Pharm: Module 11 Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

what is heparin given for

A

for DVT, pulmonary embolism, open heart surgery

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2
Q

what kind of patients are given heparin

A

both stable clients at risk and already unstable clients

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3
Q

how is heparin given

A

infusion and subcut

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4
Q

what is the reversal agent of heparin

A

protamine sulfate

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5
Q

what is warfarin given for

A

given to PREVENT future episodes(thrombotic condition)

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6
Q

how is warfarin given

A

oral (can be taken at home)

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7
Q

what is the reversal agent of warfarin

A

vitamin K

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8
Q

what is the normal prothrombin time (PT) range

A

11-13.5 seconds

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9
Q

what is the normal international normalized ratio (INR) range

A

0.8-1.1

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10
Q

what is the INR therapeutic range

A

2-3

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11
Q

what is the INR

A

extrinsic pathway that monitors warfarin

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12
Q

what is the normal partial thromboplastin time (PTT) range

A

60-70 seconds

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13
Q

what is the PTT therapeutic range

A

1.5-2.5 times the normal range

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14
Q

what does aPTT do

A

monitors heparin

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15
Q

what is the normal range of aPTT

A

30-40 seconds

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16
Q

what is the therapeutic range of aPTT

A

1.5-2.5 times the normal range

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17
Q

what is the normal platelet range

A

150,000-450,000/ microL

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18
Q

what is the normal fibrinogen range

A

150-400 mg/dL

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19
Q

what is the normal D-dimer range

A

<0.5 micro-g/mL

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20
Q

what is the D-dimer a product of

A

clot breakdown

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21
Q

what can lead to Virchow’s Triad

A

surgery and immobility

22
Q

what are the three aspects of Virchow’s Triad

A

1) endothelial damage
2) blood flow stasis
3) hypercoagulable state

23
Q

what are the three anticoagulants

A

heparin, warfarin, enoxaparin

24
Q

how long does warfarin take to work

A

takes a while to build up and have therapeutic effects

can therefore be temporarily given with heparin

25
Q

when is enoxaparin given

A

post surgical prophylaxis and

to pregnant women with clotting issues

26
Q

what type of drug is enoxaparin

A

low molecular weight heparin

27
Q

does enoxaparin have a longer or shorter half life than heparin

A

longer

28
Q

what do anticoagulants do

A

helps PREVENT future clots from forming

does NOT bust up existing clots

29
Q

what is the drug for Xa Inhibitor

A

Xarelto

oral anticoagulant

30
Q

nursing considerations for anticoagulants

A

Watch for excessive bruising, don’t use razor, watch for bloody gums
look for increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure (can indicate internal bleeding)

31
Q

what are the dietary restrictions for those on anticoagulants

A

Herbal(garlic, ginger) and leafy greens-can affect coumadin

32
Q

what are the common uses of antiplatelet drugs

A

Stop platelet aggregation

Often given post stroke prophylaxis

33
Q

what gives forewarning of stroke

A

TIA gives forewarning of future stroke

34
Q

what are the two antiplatelet drugs

A

Clopidogrel and aspirin

35
Q

another name for Clopidogrel

A

Plavix

36
Q

when should you stop taking antiplatelets

A

seven days prior to surgery

37
Q

can antiplatelets be given together

A

yes

38
Q

what are the side effects of antiplatelets

A

Bleeding issues, flu like symptoms

39
Q

dietary restrictions for patients on antiplatelets

A

Ginger and green tea can increase bleeding times

40
Q

where are Thrombolytics typically started

A

ER and finished in ICU

41
Q

side effects of thrombolytics

A

Right sided weakness, signs and symptoms of stroke, no ability to talk
Location of clot determines what effects the effects are

42
Q

two drugs of thrombolytics

A

tPa and streptokinase

43
Q

what is an Ischemic stroke

A

blood clot in brain

44
Q

what is a hemorrhagic stroke

A

(bleeding out) AKA brain aneurism

45
Q

what type of stroke CANNOT get thrombolytic

A

hemorrhagic

46
Q

contraindications of thrombolytics

A 
Hemorrhagic stroke
extreme uncontrolled hypertension
Internal bleeding
Recent stroke
surgery or trauma
47
Q

administration considerations for thrombolytics

A

Highly involved patient: administer for heart attack within 3-4 hours of onset of symptoms or within 30 min of getting to the hospital, know initial timing of stroke (give within 3 hours)

48
Q

side effects of adverse effects of thrombolytics

A

Anaphylaxis is a common side effect with streptokinase, hemorrhaging or severe bleeding is also common

49
Q

how do you know if thrombolytic has been effective

A

Effective if some improvement on scans, dissolvement of clot, increased BP, no signs of active bleeding

50
Q

most common signs of blood loss and impending shock

A

Decrease in BP and increased heart rate

Semester 1 Final (7 decks)

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