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Semester 1 Final > Pharm: Module 7 Inflammation > Flashcards

Pharm: Module 7 Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

chemical mediators of inflammation

A

histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinin

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2
Q

these cause pain

A

bradykinin

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3
Q

these cause pain and fever

A

prostaglandins

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4
Q

these cause mast cells and vasodilation

A

histamine

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5
Q

what are the stages of the inflammatory response

A

1)vascular response 2) cellular response and phagocytosis 3) tissue repair

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6
Q

these convert arachidonic acid into prostaglandins

A

COX enzyme

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7
Q

protects stomach lining and regulates platelets

A

COX1

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8
Q

triggers inflammation and pain

A

COX2

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9
Q

natural mediators of inflammation
can increase intensity and duration of pain
induce signs of inflammation

A

prostaglandins

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10
Q

reproductive related to prostaglandins

A

used to terminate pregnancy

may play a role in male infertility

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11
Q

what are the cardinal sings of inflammation

A

redness, warm, pain, swelling, loss of function

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12
Q

what do NSAIDs do

A 
inhibit biosynthesis of prostaglandins
inhibit platelet aggregation
mimic corticosteroids
inhibit COX enzyme
analgesic and antipyretic effects
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13
Q

first generation NSAIDs

A

salicylates, phenylacetic acids, fenamates

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14
Q

second generation NSAIDs

A

selective COX 2 inhibitors

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15
Q

describe salicylates

A

NSAID
ASPIRIN
blood thinner
anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, antipyretic

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16
Q

levels of salicylates

A

therapeutic: 15-30 mg/dL
mild toxicity: >30 mg/dL
severe toxicity: > 50 mg/dL

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17
Q

interactions with salicylates

A

increased bleeding with anticoagulants and NSAIDs
risk for hypoglycemia with oral antidiabetics
increased gastric ulcer risk with glucocorticoids
decreased with ACE inhibitors, loop diuretics

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18
Q

labs to monitor with salicylates

A

increased PT, bleeding time, INR, uric acid

decreased cholesterol, T3 and T4 levels

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19
Q

what food contain salicylates

A

prunes, raisons, licorice, curry, paprika

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20
Q

cautions with salicylates

A

do not take with other NSAIDS
avoid last trimester of pregnancy
do not give to children (Reye syndrome)

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21
Q

side effects of salicylates

A

GI distress, bleeding, ulceration

22
Q

nursing interventions for salicylates

A

monitor serum salicylate levels
observe for bleeding
do not take with warfarin or alcohol
discontinue 7 days prior to surgery

23
Q

COX1 and COX2 inhibition

prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor

A

indoles

24
Q

side effects of indoles

A

GI distress, headache, vertigo, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity

25
Q

what is a synergist with indoles

A

warfarin (increases bleeding)

26
Q

drug interactions with indoles

A

increased GI distress risk with aspirin
prolonged 1/2 life with digoxin
decreases effects of antihypertensives

27
Q

drug name of phenylacetic acid

A

ketorolac

28
Q

what is phenylacetic acid used for

A

short term pain management for arthritis

29
Q

what does phenylacetic acid inhibit

A

prostaglandin synthesis

30
Q

side effects of phenylacetic acid

A

dizziness, headache, weakness, GI distress/bleeding, hypertension, sodium and water retention

31
Q

what is propionic acid

A

ibuprofen (Advil and Motrin)

32
Q

what is the most widely used NSAID

A

propionic acid

33
Q

what is the action and use of propionic acid

A

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

used for pain and arthritis

34
Q

side effects of ibuprofen

A

drowsiness, confusion, insomnia, GI distress/bleeding, tinnitus, dysrhythmias, nephrotoxicity

35
Q

interactions with ibuprofen

A

increased bleeding with warfarin
increased effects with phenytoin and sulfonamides
decreased effect with aspirin

36
Q

interventions associated with ibuprofen

A

bleeding gums, petechiae, ecchymosis, black tarry stools, GI discomfort, AVOID with other NSAIDs and alcohol

37
Q

main selective COX 2 inhibitor

A

celecoxib

38
Q

side effects of COX2 inhibitors

A

STROKE RISK, dizziness, headache, GI distress/ulceration, hypertension, renal dysfunction

39
Q

action and use of corticosteroids

A

control inflammation and used for arthritis

naturally occurring produced by adrenal gland

40
Q

how do you discontinue corticosteroids

A

taper off over 5-10 days

41
Q

what are the glucocorticoids

A

hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamethasone

42
Q

what is the mineralocorticoid

A

fludrocortisone

43
Q

anti inflammatory
inhibition of immune response (decrease of histamine)
bronchodilation

A

glucocorticoids

44
Q

side effects of Cushing’s syndrome

A

gluconeogenesis, osteoporosis, acne, hirsutism, fragile skin, sodium retention, increase in gastric activity, decrease in resistance to infection, dependency

45
Q

interventions for glucocorticoids

A

monitor glucose, electrolyte, skin and mucus, GI status
do not discontinue abruptly
take with food
weight daily
diet increase of protein, Ca and K (low in fat)

46
Q

selective drugs

A

inhibit only COX 2

47
Q

nonselective drugs

A

inhibit BOTH COX 1 and 2

48
Q

who CANNOT be given celecoxib

A

patients who have undergone CABG

49
Q

what is Cushing’s syndrome

A

making too much steroid

50
Q

shock, become skinny and pale
increase in potassium
dependent on steroid (cannot stop abruptly)

A

Addisonian crisis

Semester 1 Final (7 decks)

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