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OS Pulmonary > Pharm-Lung infections > Flashcards

Pharm-Lung infections Flashcards

1
Q

What do macrolides end in?

A

mycin

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2
Q

Which two classes of penicillins are used in treating pulmonary infections?

A

Natural and aminopenicillins

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3
Q

What are the natural penicillins?

A

G and V

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4
Q

What are the aminopenicillin drugs?

A

Ampicillin and amoxicillin

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5
Q

Penicillin V is used for which pathogens specifically?

A

Strep A, B, C, G, Actinomyces, Corynebacterium (PENISillin - SAC)

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6
Q

Aminopenicillins are used for which pathogens specifically?

A

Strep pneumo
H influenzae
E coli
Listeria

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7
Q

Natural penicillins are effective for which types of bacteria?

A

G+ cocci and bacilli; some G- cocci; Spirochetes

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8
Q

Aminopenicillins are effective for which types of bacteria?

A

G+ cocci and bacilli; some G- cocci; Spirochetes;

ALSO some G- rods and bacilli (natural penicillins not useful for those)

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9
Q

Do natural penicillins work against Staph?

A

No

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10
Q

Pen V administration constrictions

A

1 hr before or 2 hrs after meal

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11
Q

How is penicillin mostly excreted?

A

90% tubular secretions

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12
Q

What are the third generation cephalosporins?

A

Ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Ampicillin - major side effect to think of!

A

Diarrhea

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14
Q

How can penicillin affect electrolytes?

A
  • It’s an acid, so in large doses, it can cause water retention (think about people with HTN or CHF)
  • In kidney, penicillin is non-absorbable that’s secreted; K+ moves in in exchange for H+ out, which can exacerbate hypokalemia
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15
Q

What bacteria do 3rd-gen cephalosporins target?

A

Enteric G-

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16
Q

Describe what cephalosporins 3rd gen are used for

A

G-
Very serious infections only
Crosses BBB
H influenza, Serratia

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17
Q

What is the drug of choice for gonorrhea?

A

Ceftriaxone

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18
Q

Do 3rd gen cephalosporins work on enterococci?

A

NO

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19
Q

What is the deal with cephs and renal dysfunction?

A

Dose adjustment! Supplemental doses needed after dialysis except for Ceftriaxone

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20
Q

What are the major ceph AEs?

A

Diarrhea and GI disturbance

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21
Q

Carbapenems belong to this class of antibiotics

A

Beta-lactams (subclass)

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22
Q

What is the MOA of beta lactams

A

Binds transpeptidase proteins and blocks cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands

23
Q

What is so great about carbapenems?

A

Highly resistant to beta lactamases

24
Q

Which beta lactam has the broadest spectrum?

A

Imipenem

25
Q

Erythromycin and clarithro MOA

A

Reversibly binds 50S

26
Q

What does imipenem target?

A

Broad - empiric - G+ and G-, anaerobes, and P aeruginosa

27
Q

What drug is C/I for patients with CNS seizures?

A

Imipenem!

28
Q

Which drug must be co-administered with cilastatin and why?

A

Imipenem; it inhibits renal toxicity and breakdown of imipenem

29
Q

Macrolides excretion elim

A

Bile and feces

30
Q

Meropenem salient facts

A

Less likely to cause seizures

Less effect on G+

31
Q

Erythromycin static or cidal?

A

Static

32
Q

Azithromycin and clarithromycin static or cidal?

A

Depends on concentration

33
Q

What would be a good drug for prostatic infections?

A

Erythromycin - diffuses well into prostate

34
Q

FQs don’t go well with:

A

Antacids and iron and zinc

35
Q

FQs excretion

A

unchanged in urine and also bile

36
Q

FQs AEs

A

GI, Head, phososensitivity, QT prolongation, articular cartilage erosion (AVOID IN PREGOS)

37
Q

FQs interactions?

A

Inhibits P450A2 (cipfo and levo do)

38
Q

Describe the coverage of FQs

A

Broad G- coverage!

39
Q

Describe the coverage of tetracyclines

A

BROAD

40
Q

Tetracyclines static or cidal

A

static - ribosome binding is reversible

41
Q

Sulfonamides AEs

A

Urinary aggregates; hematologic disorders with G6PD; allergy, displacing plasma binders

42
Q

Resistance of tetracyclines?

A

Resistance to one means resistance to all

43
Q

Discuss important tetracycline ADME

A

Abs is inhib by di/trivalent cations so do not take with dairy or antacids

44
Q

Doxy excretion?

A

hepatic - bile - so no dosing adjustment needed

45
Q

Tetracycliens - ok for pregos?

A

No - crosses over and deposits into developing bones

46
Q

Most toxic effects of tetracyclines are due to

A

The effect the drug has on normal gut flora, especially candidiasis infections of the GI tract

47
Q

Tetracyclines common AEs and doxy specifics

A

avitaminosis, superinfections, gut flora chgs, bone growth depression, complexing with Ca2+

Vestibular toxicity

Doxy - photosensitivity

48
Q

Specific indications for tetracyclines?

A

Atypical pneumonia - mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

49
Q

Sulfonamides MOA

A

Inhibit use of PABA in folic acid synthesis pathway

50
Q

Sulfonamides alone static or cidal?

A

static

51
Q

Sulfonamides excretion

A

renal

52
Q

FQ MOA?

A

Topo II inhibitor

53
Q

FQs end in?

A

oxacin

OS Pulmonary (13 decks)

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