Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS Pulmonary > PATHOPHYS > Flashcards

PATHOPHYS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the alveolar ventilation equation?

A

PaCO2=K*(VCO2/VA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increases in cardiac output __ Do2 linearly

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PAO2 does/doesn’t increase DO2 linearly

A

does not, due to Hb saturation curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hb content ___ Do2 linearly

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oxygen content equation

A

CaO2=(1.39HbSat%)+(.003 PaO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hb saturation curve - a shift to the R indicates a ___ in oxygen affinity

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

A

1) Asthma
2) Immediate cutanoue rx to asper
3) IgG to asper
4) IgE>1000
5) Inc IgE to Asper

it is Type III hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nocturnal asthma is due to

A

decline of catecholamines/cortisol at night, thus decreasing Beta-2 activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

COPD patient is given 40% oxygen and CO2 goes up - should you stop oxygen therapy?

A

NO, keep oxygen on until Sat >88%; CO2 increases upon giving oxygen due to haldane, and respiratory muscle fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypoxemia of ILD is due to:

A

V/Q mismatch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ILD cell changes

A

Type II hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Restrictive lung disease CXR pattern

A

ground glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A normal BAL shows predominantly these cells

A

90% macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DLCO up down same in restrictive and why?

A

Decrease due to increased thickness and decreased surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A sandlblaster with FEV < 80%, DLCO less than 80%, what’s going on?

A

silicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Silicosis predisposes you to what disease?

A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ARDS is characterized by decreases in __

A

compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ARDS systemic inflammation yes or no?

A

Yes, high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of ARDS?

A

Mechanical ventilator 6-8c

DECREASE tidal volume prevents further damage and decreased mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the only treatment for ARDS associated with lower mortality?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Increase PEEP improves __

A

oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Non-survivors prognostic factor -

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PEEP helps break this in ARDS

A

shunt (collapsed alveoli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Increased hydrostatic pressure over time leads to what kind of effusion and through what

A

HF -> transudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dec pleural pressure causes __ which leads to ___ fluid in pleura

A

Atelectasis - transudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dec oncotic pressure of plasma causes __ leading to a ___ in pleura

A

Hypoalbuminemia - transudate

27
Q

Increased oncotic pressure of pleural fluid causes __ which leads to __ in pleura

A

Inflammation, exudate

28
Q

What defines the difference between a transudate and exudate?

A

Protein >.5 exudate, LDH >.6 exudate

29
Q

What is the most common cause of pleural effusion?

A

Heart failure

30
Q

Describe the mechanism of pleural effusion in CHF

A

Increased fluid due to inflammation causes increased vascular permeability and increased protein concentration

31
Q

Lymphocytic exudates in pleura DDX

A

TB or cancer

32
Q

What determines outcome in patients with pneumonia?

A

Host response

33
Q

Bronchial breath sounds are a sign of ___

A

consolidation

34
Q

A frequent complication of pneumonia is __

A

ARDS

35
Q

What improves first with resolution of pneumonia?

A

Oxygen, from dec RR

36
Q

Radiologic resolution of pneumonia lags behind clinical resolution true or false?

A

True, by several weeks!

37
Q

Patient deteriorates rapidly with pneumonia and produces a toxin that destroys neutrophils what is the pathogen?

A

MRSA with PVL toxin

38
Q

Drug of choice for MRSA?

A

Vanc

39
Q

bar exam guy what happened

A

PE

40
Q

What is a pathognomonic EKG finding for PE and how common is it

A

S1Q3T3 only about 10% though

41
Q

What is a common mutation in healthy people rendering them hyper coagulable and how

A

Factor V Leiden activates protein C which is a natural anticoagulant; mutations cause hypercoag

42
Q

What are some other mutations inherited that make you hypercoagulable

A

Protein C
Protein S
Antithrombin III
Prothrombin deficiency

43
Q

What are some non-inherited forms of hypercoagulable states?

A

Estrogen use, hormonal changes, cancer, thrombocytosis

44
Q

What is the #1 most common cause of hypoxemia in patients?

A

V/Q mismatch

45
Q

How does the circulation compensate for V/Q mismatch?

A

Dec pulmonary vascular resistance compensate
Improve V/Q ratio
Improves overall oxygenation

46
Q

What is normal A-a gradient for a person?

A

(Age+4)/4

47
Q

What is the A-a in a pulmonary embolus?

A

Normal OR abnormal

48
Q

CXR for PE?

A

Usually normal

49
Q

Pleural effusions do they happen with PE?

A

Sometimes and are usually small

50
Q

Westermark’s sign what is it and when?

A

PE, rarely, it is the absence of any lung signal on CXR

51
Q

What is a good lab test for PE and what values indicate PE likely?

A

D-dimer

>500

52
Q

Farmer falls off tractor what happens, he broke his legs?

A

Fat embolus

53
Q

What are the cardinal signs of fat embolus?

A

AMS
Thrombocytopenia
Petechiae in chest and neck

54
Q

Management of COPD does NOT include -

A

Oral systemic glucocorticoids for a patient with mild COPD

55
Q

Long-term management of oxygen therapy is good or bad for COPD?

A

real good

56
Q

What pattern of emphysema is most common in COPD?

A

Centrilobular (smoking)

57
Q

In asthma there are __ lymphocytes, while in COPD there are __ lymphocytes

A

CD4 - asthma

CD8 - COPD

58
Q

What is the clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

A

Production of sputum for 3 months in 2 consecutive years

59
Q

DLCO - chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma?

A

Chronic bronchitis - normal
asthma - normal
Emphysema - reduced

60
Q

Features of a benign lung nodule?

A

Well-defined
No lymphadenopathy or mediastinal masses
No satellite lesions
Calcified nodules, even with layers

61
Q

Types of benign calcification?

A

Dense, POPCORN, lamellar

62
Q

Features of a malignant mass?

A

Lymph spread, spiculated, cavitation, non-calcified, larger

63
Q

Know chest CT landmarks

A

ok

64
Q

are pH, glucose, cellularity factors that determine exudate vs transudate?

A

NO, just protein and LDH

OS Pulmonary (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions