Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OS Pulmonary > PATHOPHYS > Flashcards

PATHOPHYS Flashcards

1
Q

What is the alveolar ventilation equation?

A

PaCO2=K*(VCO2/VA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Increases in cardiac output __ Do2 linearly

A

increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PAO2 does/doesn’t increase DO2 linearly

A

does not, due to Hb saturation curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hb content ___ Do2 linearly

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Oxygen content equation

A

CaO2=(1.39HbSat%)+(.003 PaO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hb saturation curve - a shift to the R indicates a ___ in oxygen affinity

A

decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?

A

1) Asthma
2) Immediate cutanoue rx to asper
3) IgG to asper
4) IgE>1000
5) Inc IgE to Asper

it is Type III hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nocturnal asthma is due to

A

decline of catecholamines/cortisol at night, thus decreasing Beta-2 activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

COPD patient is given 40% oxygen and CO2 goes up - should you stop oxygen therapy?

A

NO, keep oxygen on until Sat >88%; CO2 increases upon giving oxygen due to haldane, and respiratory muscle fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypoxemia of ILD is due to:

A

V/Q mismatch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ILD cell changes

A

Type II hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Restrictive lung disease CXR pattern

A

ground glass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A normal BAL shows predominantly these cells

A

90% macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DLCO up down same in restrictive and why?

A

Decrease due to increased thickness and decreased surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A sandlblaster with FEV < 80%, DLCO less than 80%, what’s going on?

A

silicosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Silicosis predisposes you to what disease?

A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ARDS is characterized by decreases in __

A

compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ARDS systemic inflammation yes or no?

A

Yes, high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Treatment of ARDS?

A

Mechanical ventilator 6-8c

DECREASE tidal volume prevents further damage and decreased mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the only treatment for ARDS associated with lower mortality?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Increase PEEP improves __

A

oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Non-survivors prognostic factor -

A

Cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

PEEP helps break this in ARDS

A

shunt (collapsed alveoli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Increased hydrostatic pressure over time leads to what kind of effusion and through what

A

HF -> transudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dec pleural pressure causes __ which leads to ___ fluid in pleura
Atelectasis - transudate
26
Dec oncotic pressure of plasma causes __ leading to a ___ in pleura
Hypoalbuminemia - transudate
27
Increased oncotic pressure of pleural fluid causes __ which leads to __ in pleura
Inflammation, exudate
28
What defines the difference between a transudate and exudate?
Protein >.5 exudate, LDH >.6 exudate
29
What is the most common cause of pleural effusion?
Heart failure
30
Describe the mechanism of pleural effusion in CHF
Increased fluid due to inflammation causes increased vascular permeability and increased protein concentration
31
Lymphocytic exudates in pleura DDX
TB or cancer
32
What determines outcome in patients with pneumonia?
Host response
33
Bronchial breath sounds are a sign of ___
consolidation
34
A frequent complication of pneumonia is __
ARDS
35
What improves first with resolution of pneumonia?
Oxygen, from dec RR
36
Radiologic resolution of pneumonia lags behind clinical resolution true or false?
True, by several weeks!
37
Patient deteriorates rapidly with pneumonia and produces a toxin that destroys neutrophils what is the pathogen?
MRSA with PVL toxin
38
Drug of choice for MRSA?
Vanc
39
bar exam guy what happened
PE
40
What is a pathognomonic EKG finding for PE and how common is it
S1Q3T3 only about 10% though
41
What is a common mutation in healthy people rendering them hyper coagulable and how
Factor V Leiden activates protein C which is a natural anticoagulant; mutations cause hypercoag
42
What are some other mutations inherited that make you hypercoagulable
Protein C Protein S Antithrombin III Prothrombin deficiency
43
What are some non-inherited forms of hypercoagulable states?
Estrogen use, hormonal changes, cancer, thrombocytosis
44
What is the #1 most common cause of hypoxemia in patients?
V/Q mismatch
45
How does the circulation compensate for V/Q mismatch?
Dec pulmonary vascular resistance compensate Improve V/Q ratio Improves overall oxygenation
46
What is normal A-a gradient for a person?
(Age+4)/4
47
What is the A-a in a pulmonary embolus?
Normal OR abnormal
48
CXR for PE?
Usually normal
49
Pleural effusions do they happen with PE?
Sometimes and are usually small
50
Westermark's sign what is it and when?
PE, rarely, it is the absence of any lung signal on CXR
51
What is a good lab test for PE and what values indicate PE likely?
D-dimer | >500
52
Farmer falls off tractor what happens, he broke his legs?
Fat embolus
53
What are the cardinal signs of fat embolus?
AMS Thrombocytopenia Petechiae in chest and neck
54
Management of COPD does NOT include -
Oral systemic glucocorticoids for a patient with mild COPD
55
Long-term management of oxygen therapy is good or bad for COPD?
real good
56
What pattern of emphysema is most common in COPD?
Centrilobular (smoking)
57
In asthma there are __ lymphocytes, while in COPD there are __ lymphocytes
CD4 - asthma | CD8 - COPD
58
What is the clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?
Production of sputum for 3 months in 2 consecutive years
59
DLCO - chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma?
Chronic bronchitis - normal asthma - normal Emphysema - reduced
60
Features of a benign lung nodule?
Well-defined No lymphadenopathy or mediastinal masses No satellite lesions Calcified nodules, even with layers
61
Types of benign calcification?
Dense, POPCORN, lamellar
62
Features of a malignant mass?
Lymph spread, spiculated, cavitation, non-calcified, larger
63
Know chest CT landmarks
ok
64
are pH, glucose, cellularity factors that determine exudate vs transudate?
NO, just protein and LDH

OS Pulmonary (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions