Pharm-Asthma/COPD Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol short or long?

A

short

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2
Q

terbutaline short or long acting?

A

short

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3
Q

formoterol short or long acting?

A

long

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4
Q

Sympathomimetics main MOA (Beta agonists and epi?)

A

Increase cAMP which inhibits bronchial smooth muscle constriction –> airway dilation

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5
Q

Sympathomimetics other MOAs?

A

Inhibit mast cell release; inhibit microvascular permeability, inhibit mucociliary transport (all to just a little bit)

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6
Q

What AEs for sympathomimetics?

A

N/V HA
Hypotension
CNS - agitation, convulsions, coma…

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7
Q

Ipratropium MOA

A

Competitive ACh muscarinic receptor antagonists; enhances B2 bronchodilation

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8
Q

Ipratropium AEs

A

Pupil dilation, cycloplegia

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9
Q

What is Combivent made of?

A

Ipratropium and Albuterol (ACH antag and Beta stim)

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10
Q

What disease is Combivent used for?

A

COPD

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11
Q

Theophylline AEs

A

N/V, CNS, high doses cause cardiac over excitation

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12
Q

Cromolyn Sodium MOA

A

“Mast cell stabilizer” - no HIstamine release
Eosinophil stabilizer - no mediator release
Inhibit nerve - no cough

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13
Q

Beclomethasone MOA

A
Glucocorticoid -
Dec cytokine production
Dec mucus secretion
Red bronchial hyperactivity
Enhance B2 agonist activity
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14
Q

Glucocorticoid AEs

A

Inhaled: candidiasis

Oral: glucose int, inc BP, immunosuppression, cataracts, growth retardation

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15
Q

Cushingoid syndrome?

A
From glucocorticoids
Weight gain in face and belly
Buffalo hump
Muscle weakness
High BP
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16
Q

Steroids act on what enzyme to inhibit arachidonic acid production?

A

Phospholipase A2

17
Q

Monteleukast MOA and target

A

LTD4 receptor antagonist - blocks constriction and reactivity; decreases mucosal secretion and edema, dec inflammation too (Monte has 3 Ms - muscle, mucus, mation!)

18
Q

What is the most potent leukeotriene in terms of chemotaxis?

A

LTB4 (follow the bees!)

19
Q

Which leukotrienes mediate anaphylaxis and are potent bronchoconstrictors?

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4 (anaphylaxis is alphabet soup)

20
Q

Monteleukast AEs

A

URT infections esp in kids

21
Q

Zileuton AEs

A

Liver enzyme elevation - need LFTs

CYP1A2 inhibitor

22
Q

salmeterol short or long acting?

23
Q

Theophylline MOA?

A

Twofold:
Inhibits PDE - blocks bronchoconstriction

Adenosine receptor antagonist - resp for cardiac effects

24
Q

What AEs for sympathomimetics?

A

N/V HA
Hypotension
CNS - agitation, convulsions, coma…

25
Ipratropium MOA
Competitive ACh muscarinic receptor antagonists; enhances B2 bronchodilation
26
Ipratropium AEs
Pupil dilation, cycloplegia
27
Theophylline is what class
Methylxanthines, like caffeine
28
Theophylline AEs
N/V, CNS, high doses cause cardiac over excitation
29
Cromolyn Sodium MOA
"Mast cell stabilizer" - no HIstamine release Eosinophil stabilizer - no mediator release Inhibit nerve - no cough
30
Cromolyn Na AEs
Tastes bad, irritate trachea (even bronchospasm) NO systemic toxicity
31
Zileuton acts on what enzyme to inhibit leukotriene formation?
5-LO
32
Zileuton MOA
Inhibit leukotriene formation B, C, D, E
33
Omalizumab MOA
Binds IgE and prevents IgE-mediated mediator release
34
Omalizumab AEs
Severe allergic reactions | Cardiovascular
35
What drugs are contraindicated in airway disease?
Sedatives, beta blockers, ASA/NSAIDS, ACE inhibitors, lidocaine with epi
36
Ipratropium note about AEs
poorly absorbed from inhalation so no systemic side affects
37
Name some treatment options for COPD
Nicotine replacement, bronchodilators, theophylline, guaifenesin (stim tract secretion flow), N-acetyl cystine