pharm hw 51-75 Flashcards
In contrast to epinephrine, norepinephrine:
Choose one answer.
A. specifically targets beta-1 receptors.
B. has minimal effect on blood pressure.
C. primarily stimulates alpha receptors.
D. stimulates beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.
c
In critical care settings, mannitol is used to: Choose one answer. A. manage hypothermia. B. lower the blood pressure. C. reduce cerebral edema. D. treat anaphylaxis.
c
In general, alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists: Choose one answer. A. decrease the heart rate. B. lower the blood pressure. C. are used for hypotension. D. increase vascular resistance.
b
In order to cause a negative inotropic effect on the heart, you would have to administer a: Choose one answer. A. beta-1 adrenergic antagonist. B. alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. C. beta-2 adrenergic agonist. D. alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist.
a
In order to relieve the bronchospasm associated with an acute asthma attack, the paramedic would give a: Choose one answer. A. alpha-1 agonist. B. beta-2 agonist. C. beta-1 agonist. D. alpha-2 agonist.
b
In up to one third of all patients, morphine sulfate causes: Choose one answer. A. nausea and vomiting. B. severe hypotension. C. complete heart block. D. a reflex tachycardia.
a
In which of the following situations would the paramedic MOST likely administer a drug via the rectal route? Choose one answer. A. Seizure termination B. Acute renal failure C. Respiratory failure D. Anaphylactic shock
a
IO infusion rates are comparable to IV infusion rates:
Choose one answer.
A. when a pressure bag or mechanical infusion device is used.
B. only when the extremity with the IO needle inserted is elevated.
C. if the patient’s systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg.
D. only if the IO needle is inserted in the proximal tibia.
a
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) causes bronchodilation by:
Choose one answer.
A. antagonizing muscarinic receptors.
B. agonizing nicotinic receptors.
C. agonizing beta-2 receptors.
D. antagonizing beta-2 receptors.
a
IV calcium is routinely used to treat: Choose one answer. A. cardiopulmonary arrest. B. magnesium sulfate toxicity. C. sulfuric acid exposure. D. beta-blocker overdose.
b
Lidocaine is an antidysrhythmic that works by:
Choose one answer.
A. antagonizing beta-adrenergic receptors in the myocardium.
B. blocking sodium channels in the Purkinje fibers and ventricle.
C. displacing calcium at certain receptor sites in the myocardium.
D. increasing the duration of phases 1, 2, and 3 of the cardiac cycle.
b
Lipid-soluble medications require higher weight-based doses in elderly patients because:
Choose one answer.
A. there are fewer barriers to absorption in elderly patients.
B. elderly patients have a much faster basil metabolic rate.
C. elderly patients have a higher body fat percentage and fat distribution.
D. elderly patients have a higher overall percentage of body water.
c
Massive doses of atropine may be required when:
Choose one answer.
A. a patient strains to defecate and stimulates muscarinic-2 receptors.
B. acetylcholine increases dramatically due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition.
C. severe bradycardia is the result of a block in the cardiac conduction system.
D. a patient’s heart rate significantly increases and lowers the cardiac output.
b
Medication X is given to increase the effects of medication Y, which provides more relief than if medication Y were given alone. This is an example of: Choose one answer. A. synergism. B. summation. C. potentiation. D. antagonism.
c
Medications administered by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ route, by definition, have 100% bioavailability. Choose one answer. A. sublingual B. intramuscular C. endotracheal D. intravenous
d
