pharm hw 101-125

Question 1

The rectal route is preferred over the oral route for certain emergency medications because:
Choose one answer.
A. rectal medications are altered significantly by first-pass metabolism.
B. bioavailability of rectal medications does not exceed 50 percent.
C. the vasculature of the rectal mucosa allows for slow drug absorption.
D. rectal medications are usually not subject to first-pass metabolism

Answer 1

d

Question 2

The term affinity, as it applies to pharmacology, is MOST accurately defined as the:
Choose one answer.
A. ability of a medication to bind to a receptor.
B. process of a medication binding to a receptor.
C. blocking of a receptor site by a particular medication.
D. strength of the bond between a medication and its receptor.

Answer 2

a

Question 3

The therapeutic index of a medication is defined as the:
Choose one answer.
A. plasma level at which the medication begins to exert its effect.
B. period of time in which the medication is excreted from the body.
C. duration of therapeutic action for a given medication on the body.
D. difference between the median effective dose and the median toxic dose.

Answer 3

d

Question 4

The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) recommended temperature range for MOST medications in the prehospital setting is:
Choose one answer.
	 A. 40°F to 76°F.  	
	 B. 45°F to 80°F.  	
	 C. 55°F to 86°F.  	
	 D. 60°F to 90°F.

Answer 4

c

Question 5

Toxic effects from beta blockers include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Choose one answer.
	 A. hypotension.  	
	 B. bradycardia.  	
	 C. conduction delays.  	
	 D. tachycardia.

Answer 5

d

Question 6

Transdermal medication patches:
Choose one answer.
A. deliver a fluctuating dose of a medication over a relatively short period of time.
B. should never be removed by the paramedic, even if he or she is administering a drug of the same type.
C. may alter a patient’s clinical presentation or interfere with medications administered by the paramedic.
D. are a reliable medication delivery route because they are unaffected by the patient’s perfusion status.

Answer 6

c

Question 7

Unlike a nondepolarizing paralytic, a competitive depolarizing paralytic:
Choose one answer.
	 A. causes muscle fasciculations.  	
	 B. does not induce full paralysis.  	
	 C. causes profound sedation.  	
	 D. lowers serum potassium.

Answer 7

a

Question 8

What class of medication is typically used to control the heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Sodium channel blocker  	
	 B. Potassium channel blocker  	
	 C. Beta-adrenergic blocker  	
	 D. Calcium channel blocker

Answer 8

d

Question 9

What classification of medication is ketorolac (Toradol)?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Opioid analgesic  	
	 B. Corticosteroid anti-inflammatory  	
	 C. Histamine-1 receptor antagonist  	
	 D. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

Answer 9

d

Question 10

What term is used to describe a situation in which a patient experiences clinical effects from a medication that are opposite from the intended effects?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Side effect  	
	 B. Subtherapeutic effect  	
	 C. Idiosyncrasy  	
	 D. Paradoxical reaction

Answer 10

d

Question 11

What type of medication is used to decrease gastric acid secretion?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Histamine-1 receptor antagonist  	
	 B. Alpha-2 receptor antagonist  	
	 C. Histamine-2 receptor antagonist  	
	 D. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor

Answer 11

c

Question 12

What type of medication is used to eliminate certain toxins from the body?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Inotrope  	
	 B. Diuretic  	
	 C. Vasopressor  	
	 D. Vasodilator

Answer 12

b

Question 13

When a medication alters the velocity of the conduction of electricity through the heart, it is said to have a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ effect.
Choose one answer.
	 A. inotropic  	
	 B. dromotropic  	
	 C. chronotropic  	
	 D. alpha agonistic

Answer 13

b

Question 14

When administering naloxone to a patient who overdosed on an opioid, it is important for the paramedic to remember that:
Choose one answer.
A. small doses of naloxone often cause severe withdrawal symptoms in long-term opioid users.
B. complete reversal of the opioid is essential if the patient receives opioids on a long-term basis.
C. an IV infusion of naloxone should be used for patients who are addicted to opioids.
D. the duration of action of naloxone in the body is less than that of many opioid chemicals.

Answer 14

d

Question 15

When is aspirin indicated for the treatment of a stroke?
Choose one answer.
A. Within the first 15 minutes after the onset of symptoms
B. Only after an intracranial hemorrhage has been ruled out
C. Only if the patient is prescribed antiplatelet medications
D. Immediately upon arrival at the emergency department

Answer 15

b

Question 16

When the paramedic administers a medication via the IV route:
Choose one answer.
A. bioavailability of the medication is reduced by 50% as soon as it enters the systemic circulation.
B. he or she has the ability to titrate the medication carefully in a rapidly evolving clinical situation.
C. it is important for him or her to remember that the medication’s onset of action is relatively slow.
D. first-pass metabolism significantly alters the medication’s effects, thereby requiring frequent dosing.

Answer 16

b

Question 17

Which adrenergic receptor, when stimulated, inhibits norepinephrine release?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Beta-1  	
	 B. Alpha-1  	
	 C. Alpha-2  	
	 D. Beta-2

Answer 17

c

Question 18

Which of the following conditions would make a patient the MOST susceptible to an adverse effect from a medication?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Hypertension  	
	 B. Renal failure  	
	 C. Minor trauma  	
	 D. Chronic pain

Answer 18

b

Question 19

Which of the following factors would be the LEAST likely to affect a patient's response to a medication?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Body temperature  	
	 B. Pregnancy  	
	 C. Past medical history  	
	 D. Age and weight

Answer 19

c

Question 20

Which of the following is an influencing factor regarding the administration of a fibrinolytic drug to a patient experiencing an acute myocardial infarction?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Quality of the chest pain  	
	 B. History of unstable angina  	
	 C. Time of symptom onset  	
	 D. Concurrent use of aspirin

Answer 20

c

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT an oral antiplatelet medication?
Choose one answer.
	 A. ReoPro  	
	 B. Plavix  	
	 C. Ticlid  	
	 D. Aspirin

Answer 21

a

Question 22

Which of the following medications actually dissolves a clot?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Plavix  	
	 B. Aggrastat  	
	 C. Warfarin  	
	 D. Activase

Answer 22

d

Question 23

Which of the following medications can be administered via the intranasal route?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Atropine  	
	 B. Diazepam  	
	 C. Morphine  	
	 D. Naloxone

Answer 23

d

Question 24

Which of the following medications is used to provide cardiac cell membrane stabilization following tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Sodium bicarbonate  	
	 B. Magnesium sulfate  	
	 C. Diphenhydramine  	
	 D. Calcium chloride

Answer 24

a

Question 25

Which of the following medications promotes the cellular uptake of potassium, making it a potential temporary treatment for hyperkalemia?
Choose one answer.
	 A. Terbutaline  	
	 B. Ipratropium  	
	 C. Levalbuterol  	
	 D. Albuterol

Answer 25

d