pharm hw 126-139 Flashcards
Which of the following occurs during phase 1 of the cardiac cellular action potential?
Choose one answer.
A. Sodium influx decreases while potassium slowly exits the cell
B. Rapid influx of sodium ions through channels in the cardiac cell
C. Calcium enters the cell while potassium continues to leave the cell
D. Calcium movement ceases with continued outflow of potassium
a
Which of the following statements regarding benzodiazepine medications is NOT correct?
Choose one answer.
A. Benzodiazepines have potent anxiolytic, antiseizure, and sedative properties.
B. A benzodiazepine may be used as the primary sedative for advanced airway care.
C. High doses of a benzodiazepine may be needed to maintain a patient’s blood pressure.
D. Benzodiazepines are commonly used in the prehospital setting to terminate seizures.
c
Which of the following statements regarding fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. FFP is the ideal volume expander for critically injured patients whose blood type is not known.
B. FFP is contraindicated in patients with warfarin (Coumadin) toxicity due to the risk of hemolysis.
C. FFP must be compatible with the recipient’s blood type, but does not have to be Rh compatible.
D. FFP should not be administered to patients who require large volumes of other blood products.
c
Which of the following statements regarding packed red blood cells (PRBCs) is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. For every 3 mL of whole blood that is lost, the patient should be given 1 to 2 mL of PRBCs.
B. PRBCs should not be given to patients with hemolysis, as this will cause a transfusion reaction.
C. In a patient with ongoing RBC loss, one unit of PRBCs will increase the hematocrit by about 5%.
D. In general, the rate of administration of PRBCs should be proportional to the rate of blood cell loss.
d
Which of the following statements regarding pharmacology is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. The selection and administration of most medications are based largely on anecdotal research.
B. The action of the human body in response to a particular medication is called pharmacology.
C. Evidence-based guidelines, while helpful, are not the primary factor that drives medication administration.
D. Despite the advanced science of pharmacology, adverse reactions are commonplace.
d
Which of the following statements regarding plasma-protein binding is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. Plasma-protein binding is an irreversible process that decreases the amount of medication necessary for a desired clinical effect.
B. Plasma-protein binding releases medication as circulating levels of a particular medication begin to fall, leading to a longer duration of action.
C. If a patient has a safe level of a protein-bound medication, a second medication with a greater affinity greatly decreases the amount of the original medication.
D. As plasma protein levels decrease, the introduction of another protein-bound medication causes the concentration of the original medication to remain unchanged.
b
Which of the following statements regarding succinylcholine is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. It has a rapid onset of action and long duration of action.
B. It causes tachycardia, especially in small children.
C. It has a rapid onset of action and short duration of action.
D. It may induce or exacerbate existing hypokalemia.
c
Which of the following statements regarding sympathomimetic chemicals is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. They are not synthetically manufactured.
B. They block the release of acetylcholine.
C. They only stimulate alpha-1 receptors.
D. They are not found naturally in the body.
d
Which of the following statements regarding the endotracheal route of medication administration is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. If a medication must be given via the endotracheal route, five times the standard IV dose should be given.
B. Evidence has shown that medications given via the endotracheal route quickly achieve a peak plasma level.
C. Medications given via the endotracheal route should be flushed with 20 to 30 mL of sterile water.
D. The endotracheal route is no longer considered a reliable method of medication administration.
d
Which of the following statements regarding the IM route of medication administration is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. Medications have a bioavailability of 75% to 100% following IM administration.
B. Any medication given by the IV route can be given by the IM route.
C. IM-administered medications are subject to first-pass metabolism in the liver.
D. Muscle perfusion has minimal effect on the absorption of IM-administered drugs.
a
Which of the following statements regarding vasopressin is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. Vasopressin is a naturally occurring hormone that is secreted in response to intravascular volume depletion.
B. In cardiac arrest, current guidelines recommend 20 to 40 units of vasopressin every 5 minutes.
C. Vasopressin reduces cardiac afterload, which may cause clinically significant hypotension.
D. Vasopressin is a useful medication for patients with right heart failure and peripheral edema.
a
Which of the following statements regarding the sublingual administration of nitroglycerin is correct?
Choose one answer.
A. Large doses of IV nitroglycerin are required to achieve the same effect as a single sublingual nitroglycerin dose
B. Sublingual nitroglycerin administration involves placing a tablet in between the patient’s cheek and gum
C. Sublingual nitroglycerin has a delayed onset of action, but nearly a 100% bioavailability
D. Nitroglycerin given by the sublingual route has a rapid onset of action, but a low bioavailability
d
Which of the following structures contains epithelial cells that create a continuous barrier to medication absorption? Choose one answer. A. Liver B. Urinary tract C. Bone marrow D. Vascular system
b
Which of the following medications is derived from a plant source? Choose one answer. A. Lithium B. Insulin C. Heparin D. Digoxin
d
