Pharm HW 1-25 Flashcards
A drug is assigned a pregnancy category “A” if:
Choose one answer.
A. there is evidence of fetal risk based on human experience, and the risk of using the drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs any possible benefit.
B. there is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the benefits from use in pregnant women may be acceptable despite the documented risk.
C. studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus and there are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals are not available.
D. controlled studies in women fail to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester, there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters, and the possibility of fetal harm appears remote.
d
A drug that possesses the same desired clinical effect in several smaller doses as it does in a larger single dose has demonstrated: Choose one answer. A. an idiosyncratic reaction. B. the placebo effect. C. a cumulative action. D. cross-tolerance.
c
A medication is called an antagonist if:
Choose one answer.
A. it has a higher affinity for the receptor site than the chemical mediator.
B. it stimulates a receptor site to cause the response that that receptor normally causes.
C. it attaches to a receptor site and produces an effect or series of effects.
D. the chemical mediator of a receptor has a higher affinity than the medication.
a
A medication is used “off-label.” This means that it:
Choose one answer.
A. is used for a purpose not approved by the FDA, at doses different from the recommended doses, or by a route of administration not approved by the FDA.
B. has been determined to be safe by a physician, and is used to treat a patient’s illness before the medication has been approved by the FDA for any purpose.
C. is administered in clinical trials while the manufacturer conducts further research and before the FDA has approved the medication for use.
D. is administered in an extreme emergency situation, but only if initial clinical trials have determined that the medication will not cause harm to the patient.
a
A medication that initiates or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites and prompting a cell response is said to be: Choose one answer. A. synergistic. B. an agonist. C. an antagonist. D. a competitive binder.
b
A medication that has a narrow therapeutic index:
Choose one answer.
A. can be given, but not without close patient monitoring.
B. should not be given to patients over 50 years of age.
C. is safe to give because the chance of toxicity is remote.
D. should not be given because its effects are too harmful.
a
A medication that possesses a negative chronotropic effect will:
Choose one answer.
A. cause a decrease in the heart rate.
B. cause an increase in blood pressure.
C. decrease myocardial contractile force.
D. increase cardiac electrical conduction velocity.
a
A medication undergoes first-pass metabolism in the: Choose one answer. A. liver. B. spleen. C. stomach. D. bone marrow.
a
A paramedic gives a woman with chronic pain an injection of sterile saline and tells her that it is a narcotic analgesic. The paramedic’s action:
Choose one answer.
A. could result in criminal prosecution.
B. will likely be of therapeutic benefit.
C. is acceptable under the circumstances.
D. demonstrates compassion and empathy
a
A patient experiences profound sedation when an opioid, such as fentanyl, is given together with a benzodiazepine, such as midazolam. This is an example of: Choose one answer. A. synergism. B. summation. C. potentiation. D. antagonism.
a
A patient receives several doses of the same drug within a short period of time, after which point the medication does not relieve his symptoms. Which of the following has MOST likely occurred? Choose one answer. A. Tachyphylaxis B. Cross-tolerance C. Down-regulation D. Dependence
a
A patient takes 500 mg of a medication that has a half-life of 2 hours. How much medication will be in the patient's body after 6 hours? Choose one answer. A. 250 mg B. 125 mg C. 62.5 mg D. 31.25 mg
c
A unit of packed red blood cells contains approximately \_\_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_ mL of concentrated red blood cells. Choose one answer. A. 125, 200 B. 225, 250 C. 250, 500 D. 500, 725
b
A/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ medication typically includes a “stem” that links it to other medications in the same class. Choose one answer. A. trade B. official C. brand D. generic
d
A/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ agent is used to increase the pH of the serum or urine? Choose one answer. A. antacid B. alkalinizing C. anticoagulant D. antihistamine
b
