1-25 IV homework

Question 1

approximately \_\_\_\_\_% of an adult male's weight is constituted by water.
A) 40
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70

Answer 1

C

Question 2

intracellular fluid:
A) is the fluid that bathes the cells
B) transport red and white cells
C) is the water contained inside the cells
D) accounts for about 15% of body weight

Answer 2

C

Question 3

cerebrospinal fluid and intraocular fluid are types of:
A) plasma
B) interstitial fluid
C) intracellular fluid
D) intravascular fluid

Answer 3

B

Question 4

in a 175 lb man, intravascular fluid accounts for approximately \_\_\_\_\_ lb
A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 12

Answer 4

A

Question 5

a composition of dissolved elements and water is called a(n):
A) solute
B) solvent
C) solution
D) electrolyte

Answer 5

C

Question 6

Solutes are defined as:
A) atoms that carry an electrical charge
B) solutions that exclusively carry electrolytes
C) solutions that contain dissolved components
D) the dissolved particles contained in a solvent

Answer 6

D

Question 7

which of the following statements regarding electrolytes is correct?
A) electrolytes are nonreactive and relatively harmless if they are left to circulate in the body
B) electrolytes are also called ions and dissociate into charged components when placed in water
C) electrolytes help to regulate muscular contraction, but have no effect on cardiac function
D) electrolyte charges are stabilized by bloods that they can aid in the body’s metabolic functions

Answer 7

B

Question 8

cations are electrolytes that have an overall \_\_\_\_ charge, and anions are electrolytes that have an overall \_\_\_\_ charge.
A) negative, neutral
B) positive, negative
C) neutral, positive
D) negative, positive

Answer 8

B

Question 9

major cations of the body include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) sodium
B) calcium
C) potassium
D) bicarbonate

Answer 9

D

Question 10

which of the following electrolytes is not a cation?
A) chloride
B) calcium
C) potassium
D) magnesium

Answer 10

A

Question 11

the milliequivalent (mEq) represents the chemical combining power of the ion and is based on the:
A) percentage of sodium in a given electrolyte solution
B) ability to unite with an electrolyte solution
C) number of available ionic charges in an electrolyte solution
D) ratio of positively and negatively charged ions

Answer 11

C

Question 12

sodium is a ______ cation and can react completely with _____.
A) monovalent, 1 mEq of a singly charged anion
B) bivalent, 2 mEq of a doubly charged cation
C) monovalent, 2 mEq of a singly charged anion
D) bivalent, 1 mEq of a doubly charged cation

Answer 12

A

Question 13

which of the following statements regarding calcium is correct?
A) calcium is needed for bone growth and proper blood clotting
B) patients with ataxia should be suspected of being hypocalcemic
C) calcium can react completely with 1 mEq of singly charged anion
D) abdominal cramps are a sign of an increased level of serum calcium

Answer 13

A

Question 14

the principal extracellular cation that regulates the distribution of water throughout the body is:
A) calcium
B) sodium
C) chloride
D) phosphorus

Answer 14

B

Question 15

potassium:
A) helps stimulat the release of insulin
B) is found predominantly outside the cell
C) is a bivalent cation that tends to follow water
D) plays a major role in neuromuscular function

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Hyperkalemia would MOST likely result in:
A) abnormal gastrointestinal function
B) decreased skeletal muscle function
C) hyperstimulation of neural cell transmission
D) severe bradycardia due to increased vagal tone

Answer 16

C

Question 17

the primary buffer used in all circulating body fluids is:
A) bicarbonate
B) phosphorus
C) potassium
D) magnesium

Answer 17

A

Question 18

the chemical sign for sodium bicarbonate is:
A) NaCl
B) H2CO3
C) NaHCO3
D) KCl

Answer 18

C

Question 19

which of the following electrolytes plays the MOST active role in metabolism?
A) potassium
B) magnesium
C) bicarbonate
D) phosphorus

Answer 19

B

Question 20

the movement of compounds or charges across a cell membrane to an area of lower concentration is called:
A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) filtration
D) selective permeability

Answer 20

B

Question 21

The antidiuretic horomone (ADH) prevents the loss of water from the kidneys during the process of:
A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) filtration
D) selective permeability

Answer 21

B

Question 22

pumping sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell has the added benefit of:
A) moving glucose into the cell at the same time
B) transiently decreasing serum levels of calcium
C) facilitating water reabsorption in the renal tubules
D) expanding minimal levels of adenosine triphosphate

Answer 22

A

Question 23

osmosis occurs when:
A) water moves from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration
B) solutes move from an area of lower water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
C) water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
D) solutes move from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

Answer 23

A

Question 24

the net effect of osmosis is to:
A) balance the concentration of water on both sides of the cell wall
B) equalize solute concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane
C) utilize ATP to actively move solutes across the cell membrane
D) maintain a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell

Answer 24

B

Question 25

the tonicity of a solution is determined by the:
A) velocity with which potassium ions shift outside of the cell and sodium ions shift inside the cell
B) permability of the cell and the ability of sodium and potassium to actively move across its membrane
C) amount of anti diuretic horomone the body produces and the volume of water that is reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidneys
D) concentration of sodium in a solution and the movement of water in relation to the sodium levels inside and outside the cell

Answer 25

D