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Quarter 2 > Pharm Final > Flashcards

Pharm Final Flashcards

1
Q

Entamoeba Histolytica- Amebiasis

A

DOC: Metronidazole + Luminal Amebicide (invasive) OR Luminal Amebicide alone (asymptomatic)

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2
Q

Giardia Lamblia

A

DOC: Metronidazole

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3
Q

Trichomonas Vaginalis

A

DOC: Metronidazole

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4
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

DOC: Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine + Folinic acid

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5
Q

Pneumocystis jrovecii

A

DOC: Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole + Folinic acid

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6
Q

Alternates to treat Pneumocystosis if intolerant to Bactrim

A

Pentamidine (but not used often d/t toxicity)

Atavoquone + Proguanil (Malarone)

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7
Q

Roundworm (nematode)

A 
DOC: 
Albendazole,
Mebendazole, or 
Pyrantel Pamoate
(species dependent)
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8
Q

Flukes (trematodes)

A

DOC: Praziquantel

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9
Q

Tapeworms (cestodes)

A

DOC: Praziquantel

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10
Q

Alternate tx for Roundworms (nematodes)

A

Ivermectin

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11
Q

Alternate tx for Tapeworms (cestodes)

A

Albendazole

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12
Q

Drugs that cause myelosuppression (decrease in RBC and WBC/ leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia)

A

Ganciclovir/valganciclovir (CMV)
Ribavirin (RSV)
Zidovudine (HIV)

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13
Q

Side effects of all NRTI (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

A

Lactic Acidosis & Hepatotoxicity (liver)

Higher risk if pt is obese, previous liver disease, or chronic use

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14
Q

Ritonavir

A

“BOOST” increases the bioavailability of other Protease Inhibitors

Do not use with Saquinavir (QT) and avoid in combo with Metronidazole and Cephalosporins bc this contains ethanol
(dilsulfuram liker rxn)

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15
Q

Darunavir

A

DOC for Protease Inhibitor class

do not use if Sulfa allergy

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16
Q

Atazenavir

A

2nd DOC for Protease Inhibitor class if Sulfa allergy

less body fat distribution issues

17
Q

Saquanavir

A

alternate Protease Inhibitor

QT problem

18
Q

Lopinavir/RItonavir

A

alternate Protease Inhibitor

19
Q

Indinavir

A

alternate Protease Inhibitor

SE: nephrolithiasis, hyperbilirubinemia (Agressive hydration recommended!!)

20
Q

Tipranavir

A

Reserved for treatment experienced HIV pts . that have resistance to other Protease Inhibitors

SE: increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage (avoid w/head trauma), Do not use if Sulfa allergy, Hepatotoxicity risk

21
Q

Mechanism of Rifampin, Rifabutin, and Rifapentine

A

inhibits RNA polymerase

22
Q

Mechanism of Isoniazid

A

inhibits biosynthesis of Mycolic Acid

23
Q

Mechanism of Pyrazinamide

A

unknown, but active at Acidic pH

24
Q

Mechanism of Ethambutol

A

inhibits Arabinosyl transferase involved in synthesis of Arabinogalactan
(static)

25
Q

Mechanism of Streptomycin (an aminoglycoside)

A

30S, Cidal

26
Q

Mechanism of Dapsone

A

compete with PABA in Folic Acid pathway, interfere w/nutrition of M. Leprae

27
Q

Blood Schizonticide DOC for Malaria

A

Chloroquine (if no resistance)

28
Q

If Chloroquine resistant, Blood Schizonticide tx

A

Choice 1 & 2 are equally recommended:

  1. Artesunate + Atovoquone/Proguanil
  2. Artemether + Lumefantrine
29
Q

Mechanism of Chloroquine

A

concentrated w/in plasmodium in RBC. may interfere with Lysosomal degradation of hemoglobin

30
Q

Mechanism of Artemisins: Artesunate and Artemether

A

unknown

ALWAYS in combo with other drugs: 1 of the following 4

  1. Atovoquine/proguanil
  2. Lumefantrine
  3. Mefloquine
  4. Sulfadoxine-pyremethamine
31
Q

Atovaquine + Proguanil mechanism

A

Atovaquine- interferes with mitochondrial electron transport, ATP, and Pyrimidine synthesis

Proguanil- prodrug: converted to Cycloguanil (mutagenesis in pregnant mice) which is a DHF reductase inhibitor . cant do DHF –> THF

32
Q

Malarial drugs used for Terminal prophylaxis (anti-relapse)

A

the tissue forms that treat dormant liver- Vivax and Ovale:

Primaquine and Tafenoquine!

33
Q

Mechanism of Azoles

A

block biosynthesis of Ergosterol, a sterol needed for cell membrane stability

34
Q

Mechanism of Amphotericin B

A

forms pores in cell membrane with Ergosterol, leading to leakage of cellular components

35
Q

Mechanism of Echinocandins

A

disrupt function of beta 1,3 Glucan synthase complex

Quarter 2 (16 decks)

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