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Quarter 2 > Pharm Fina > Flashcards

Pharm Fina Flashcards

1
Q

Prevent recurrence of Ovale or Vivax

A

Primaquine

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2
Q

Restarting this drug can be FATAL!

A

Abacavir (HIV med)

Screen for HLA-B-5701

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3
Q

CA tx that causes hearing loss

A

Cisplatin

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4
Q

Gingival hyperplasia is a side effect of what drug

A

Cyclosporine

a T cell immunosuppressant drug. works via calcineuron inhibition

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5
Q

Increased triglycerides is a side effect of what drug

A

Sirolimus

otherwise “sirus is nice”. This drug does NOT cause nephrotoxicity

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6
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a side effect of what drug

A

Cyclophosphamide (an alkylating agent CA drug)

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7
Q

Drugs that benefit from a Leucovorin rescue

A

Methotrexate

6-Mercapto

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8
Q

Drug that is enhanced by Leucovorin

A

5-Fluoruracil

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9
Q

What should you give with Doxorubicin to decrease its cardiotoxic effects?

A

Dexrazoxane

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10
Q

What should you give with Cisplatin to decrease its Renal effects?

A

Amifostine

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11
Q

What do you always give with Cyclophosphamade to decrease its side effects

A

MESNA to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis

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12
Q

Quinine and Quinidine gluconate side effect

A

QT prolongation

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13
Q

Side effect of Primaquine

A

Hemolytic anemia

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14
Q

Side effect of Chloroquine (DOC for Malaria)

A

Accumulation in skin and retina, QT, CNS

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15
Q

Side effect of Mefloquine

last resort drug to use with ACT for Malaria

A

Cardiotoxic, seizures, psychoses, vidid treams, Teratogenic

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16
Q

Side effect of Atovoquine-proguanl

add to ACT for Malaria tx

A

GI, rash, fever, new drug Leucovorin support

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17
Q

DOC for Trich

A

Metronidazole

SE: disulfuram, disguiesia

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18
Q

tx for CMV and Herpes co-infection

A

Valganciclovir

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19
Q

CA drug that can cause SOB and high resting pulse rate

A

Doxorubicin

Give Dexrazoxane with it to reduce reactive oxygen radicals

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20
Q

Side effect for roundworm treatment

A

fever

Drug: Albendazole, Mebendazole, Pyrantel pamoate

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21
Q

DOC for Toxoplasmosis (and prophylactic for HIVpts)

A

Pyrimethamine + SulfadiaZine

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22
Q

If you have Sulfa allergy, you cannot give this HIV medication bc it has a Sulfa Moiety

A

Darunavir and Tipranavir (both have sulfa moeiety)

“Tip over Darin” with the sulfa drug

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23
Q

What is the point of using Ritonavir with other HIV drugs?

A

Inhibits 3A4, increasing the bioavailability of other drugs

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24
Q

All protease inhibitors are metabolized by

A

CYP 3A4

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25
Q

Which protease inhibitor do we NOT combine with “the boost” Ritonavir?

A

Saquinavir (bc of QT issues)

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26
Q

What do we not want to combine with “the boost” Ritonavir if there is concern for head injury?

A

Tipranavir! increased risk of intracranial hemorrage if you use this w head injury

Tip over and have head injury, do not use Boost Ritonavir

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27
Q

Tissue (vivax and ovale) tx for Malaria

A

Primaquine

Tafenoquine (newer drug, treats both blood and tissue)

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28
Q

Ganciclovir can be given as part of transplant medicine regimen to prevent

A

CMV growth

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29
Q

What plasmodium (malaria) tx should you avoid if you have a familial hx of short QT?

A

Mefloquine

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30
Q

What plasmodium (malaria) tx should you avoid prophylactically if you have hx of short QT?

A

Quinine

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31
Q

Bleomycin is a good CA drug bc?

A

Little myelosuppression

It does cause Pulmonary fibrosis and frequent Hypersensitivity though

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32
Q

Paclitaxel (CA drug) side effects

A

Severe myelosuppression, Anemia, Peripheral neurophathy

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33
Q

Bleomycin mechanism

A

G2-M phase

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34
Q

Mycolid acid

A

Isoniazid

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35
Q

Rifampin

A

RNA polymerase

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36
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

needs acidity

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37
Q

DOC for Aspergillosus

A

Vorizonazole and Ampho B

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38
Q

Mechanism for Vorizonazole and Ampho B

A

inhibits Ergosterol synthesis

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39
Q

What drug causes elevated AST and ALT enzymes?

A

Flucytosine

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40
Q

If you’re going to use Imatinib (Gleevec), test for

A

Bcr-Abl mutation

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41
Q

Resistance to Acyclovir is caused by

A

thmidine kinase mutation

Remember, Acyclovir requires phosphorylation via this enzyme

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42
Q

Test for HLA-B-5701 if giving this drug

A

Abacavir (NRTI, HIV drug)

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43
Q

CXR4/CCR5 receptor

A

Maraviroc (fusion inhibitor, HIV drug)

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44
Q

EGFR expression- test before using these 2 drugs

A

Cetuximab
Erlotinib

“EC”

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45
Q

Ampho B mechanism

A

pore formation in membranes

46
Q

Paromomycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

47
Q

Itraconazole

A

ergosterol synthesis inhibition

48
Q

metronidazole

A

DNA inhibition

49
Q

Flucytosine mechanism

A

antagonism of fungal RNA and DNA

converted to 5-FU which interferes w viral RNA and DNA

50
Q

Paclitaxel (CA drug) mechanism

A

M phase- inhibits MT depolymerization- affecting microtubules

51
Q

Bevacizumab (CA drug) regimen

A

binds VEFG, inhibiting angiogenesis

52
Q

What CA drug can cause excessive bleeding/ thromboembolism

A

Bevacizumab

53
Q

DOC for Cryptococcus

A

Flucytosine and Ampho B

54
Q

DOC for invasive Aspergillosus in refractory pts

A

Caspofungin

55
Q

Mechanism for influenza DOC drugs

A

inhibits neuroaminidase- block release of virus from cell

Drugs: Oseltamivir and Zanamavir

56
Q

Tx for M. Leprae

A

Rifampin and Dapsone

57
Q

Rifampin mechanism

A

inhibit RNA polymerase

58
Q

Amphotericin B side effects

A

Severe nephrotoxic- can lead to irreversible kidney damage

59
Q

Azathioprine side effects

A

Bone marrow suppression, liver toxic, Teratogenic

60
Q

Prednisone side effects

A

Hyperglycemia, Curhsings, osteoporosis, Suppression PHA axis

61
Q

Cyclosporine side effects

A

Renal toxic, gingival hyperplasia, CNS, hyperglycemia

62
Q

Sirolumus good thing

A

no Renal toxicity

63
Q

Inhibits 1,3 D-glucan

A

Caspofungin

The PCNs of antifungals (and Micafungin and Anidulafungin)

64
Q

Side effects of Rifampin

A

orange colored secretions, Decrease birth control effectiveness

65
Q

Acyclovir fact

A

it is very selective to virally infected cells d/t phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase

66
Q

How do polyene antimicrobials (Ampho B and Nystatin) work?

A

interact with sterols in the cell membrane

67
Q

DOC for Giardia, Amebiasis (E. histolytica), and Trich

A

Metornidazole

Disulfuram and Disgueisa

68
Q

If a pregnant pt has Malaria, current sx, but it is a tissue form, what do you do?

A

Treat with only Chloroquine until baby is born, then you can use Tissue shizonticide (primaquine or tafenoquine)

69
Q

Zanamavir (flu drug)

A

given Nasal or Inhaler- may worsen airway disease

70
Q

What HIV drug can cause high cholesterol?

A

Darunavir (all of the “avir” are protease inhibitors)

71
Q

Side effects of “avir” drugs (protease inhibitors)

A

Altered body fat distribution
Insulin resistance
Increases cholesterol
Spontaneous bleeding in those with Hemophilia A and B

72
Q

What anti TB drug should you not use with HIV pts?

A

Rifampin, will decrease the effectiveness of their HIV meds

73
Q

a safe alternate for Rifampin

A

Rifabutine

74
Q

requires activation by thymidine kinase

A

Acyclovir

75
Q

NNRTIs

A

bind directly to inhibit Viral Reverse transcriptase- do not require phosphorylation

Efavirenz (DOC)
Rilpivirine (for pregnant)

76
Q

NRTIs

TELAZ

A

Tenofovir and Emtricitibine: DOC combo

Lamividuine: for HepB and HIV co infected

Abacavir: restarting is fatal, test for HLA B

Zidovudine: safe in pregnancy

77
Q

DOC for Protease Inhibitor class (HIV)

Hint: has a sulfa moiety

A

Darunavir

78
Q

Drug of second choice for Protease Inhibitors

A

Atazenavir

79
Q

For “treatment experienced” HIX

A

Tipranavir (Protease Inh)

Enfuvirtide (Fusion inh, gp41)

80
Q

Maraviroc

A

only used for CCR5, test for this!

81
Q

Only used in treatment-resistant HIV pts

A

Dolutegravir (integrase inhibitor)

82
Q

DOC for Hep B

A

TENofovir
ENTecavir

excellent safety

83
Q

Use for co infected HIV and Hep B

A

Lamivudine

84
Q

Fungal med that is given to HIV pts Prophylactically or for Suppressive therapy, treats Fungal Meningitis

A

Fluconazole

the most highly prescribed of the azoles

85
Q

Why is Caspofungin desirable tx?

A

NO renal toxicity

Few drug interactions

86
Q

DOC for Onychomycosis

Only available Orally

A

Griseofulvin (bc binds to Keratin and prevents new skin infection)

Contra: Porphyria, Liver failure, PREG, and MEN 6 mo prior to fathering

87
Q

Contra in men 6 mo prior to fathering, and women in pregnancy

A

Griseofulvin (DOC for onychomycosis)

88
Q

Good for Onychomycosis but not DOC

interferes with Sterol biosynthesis (inhibit squalene monooxygenase)

A

Terbinafine

use this topically, combine with Oral Griseofulvin

89
Q

Another Polyene abx that works by Ergosterol interaction (just like Ampho B) used for Candida infections

A

Nystatin

90
Q

DOC for Pneumocystosis

A

Bactrim (+Leucovorin)

91
Q

DOC for ToxoplaZmoZis

A

Pyrimeth + SulfadiaZine (+Leucovorin)

92
Q

Back up treatment for Amebiasis, Giardia, and Trich in pts who cannot take Metronidazole

A

Tinidazole

93
Q

When Metro does not work for SEVERE Amebiasis

A

Emetine and DH-emetine

94
Q

Limite Emetine and DH-emetine bc of Serious Severe Side effects

A

Cardiotoxicity, GI, Teratogenic

Contra: preg, cardiac or renal dz

95
Q

Back up for Metro (when sx are present)

A

Tinidazole

96
Q

Cyst treatment (when sx are not present but we want to prevent spread of Amebiasis)

A

Paromomycin or Iodoquinol

97
Q

Rare side effects of Iodoquinol (a cyst/luminal tx)

A 
thyroid enlargement
OPTIC NEURITIS (--> blindness)
98
Q

Paramomycin

A

luminal tx for Amebiasis
Giardia
Trich

99
Q

Iodoquinol

A

Luminal tx used for Amebiasis only

100
Q

Diloxanide Furoate

A

luminal tropho tx for amebiasis

not much info

101
Q

Tetra and Erythro

A

alternates for Amebiasis and Giardia

102
Q

An aminoglycoside that doesnt have normal toxic effects bc its not absorbed well

A

Paramomycin

a luminal (Cyst) tx for Amebiasis, Giardia, Trich

103
Q

DOC for Pneumocystosis (often taken prophylactically in HIV pts)

A

Bactrim

104
Q

backup to Bactrim to treat and prophylaxis for HIV pts for Pneuomocytosis

A

Pentamidine

105
Q

Docosanol

A

OTC cold sore (herpes) medication

Inhibits Viral Fusion

106
Q

Foscarnet and Cidofovir are similar in that:

A

They are both used for CMV Retinitis and Herpes if resistant to ganciclovir and acyclovir

107
Q

Foscarnet is different from Cidofovir in that

A

it is combined with Ganciclovir to be used for CMV Encephalitis

108
Q

DOC for Hep B

A

Tenofovir

109
Q

Use with co infected Hep B and HIV

A

Lamividudine

110
Q

DOC for CMV encephalitis

A

Foscarnet and Ganciclovir

Quarter 2 (16 decks)

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