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Quarter 2 > Pharm Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

B-lactams - inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems

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2
Q

Other inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

A

Vancomycin
Phosphomycin
Bacitracin

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3
Q

Penicillin subgroups

A
  1. Natural Penicillins
  2. Penicillinase Resistant
  3. Extended Spectrum
  4. Antipseudomonal
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4
Q

Natural Penicillin

A

GOLD STANDARD for GRAM + infection

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5
Q

Penicillin G

A
  1. Natural Penicillin

IV, IM, Oral

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6
Q

Benzathine Penicillin

A
  1. Natural Penicillin

IM depot

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7
Q

Procaine Penicillin G

A
  1. Natural Penicillin

IM

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8
Q

Penicillin V

A
  1. Natural Penicillin

Oral

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9
Q

Nafcillin (Unipen)

A
  1. Penicillinase Resistant

IM/IV

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10
Q

Dicloxacillin (Cloxapen) and

Oxacillin (Prostaphlin)

A
  1. Penicillinase Resistant

Oral

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11
Q

Methicillin

A
  1. Penicillinase Resistant

Only used in testing

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12
Q

MRSA mechanism of resistance

A

CHANGES the actual PBP (penicillin binding protein) shape!! the bacteria is still there and ready to go, but it can’t bind to the PBP bc it has changed shape

Changes target

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13
Q

Natural Penicillins

A

Benzathine Penicillin
Procaine Penicilin G
Penicillin V

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14
Q

Penicillinase Resistant

A

Nafcillin
Dicloxacin
Oxacillin (Prostaphlin)
Methicillin

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15
Q

Extended Spectrum Penicillin

A

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

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16
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillin

A

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

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17
Q

Drug of choice for Lysteria

A

Extended spectrum PCN

Ampicillin or Amoxicillin

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18
Q

Extended spectrum PCNs

A

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

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19
Q

Drug of choice for Pseudamonas

A

Antipseudomonas PCN

always in combo with aminoglycoside- prevent resistance

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20
Q

Route of administration for Pseudomonal PCN

A

Parenteral only

acid sensitive, cant survive in stomach

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21
Q

Drug of choice for gram (-)

A

Extended coverage Penicillins

Ampicillin & Amoxicillin

22
Q

b-lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

distracts (binds) the ring of b-lactamase so that the other drug can be effective

23
Q

main adverse rxn to Penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity rxn

24
Q

gram +

A

Pen G

Pen V

25
Q

Advantage of Cephalosporins

A

7 methyl group increases their resistance to b-lactamase/penicillinase

dont have to worry about penicillinase anymore

26
Q

known for excellent CNS penetration

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

27
Q

treat Neisseria

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

28
Q

treat N. gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

29
Q

contraindication to using Ceftriaxone in neonate

A

bilirubin displacement –> Pseudolithiasis

brain image

30
Q

Cefepime (Maxipime)

IV- 100% bioavaiability

gram+ and gram- coverage

A

Phenomenal drug for empiric therapy for a very sick patient when you don’t know what’s going on
Short term-when trying to keep patient alive

31
Q

only beta-lactam against MRSA and VRSA

reserved for MRSA and VRSA

A

Ceftaroline Fosamil (Teflaro)

32
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme disease)

A

Ceftriaxone

33
Q

E.Coli

A

1st or 2nd generation Cephalosporin

34
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (parenteral) or Cefixime (oral)

35
Q

Penicillins that can have Beta-lactam inhibitors added to them

A

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin

36
Q

Review of the Beta-lactam inhibitors

added to PCNs to keep the drug active

A

Clavulanic Acid
Sulfbactam
Tazobactam

37
Q

Traits of Natural Penicillins:

Pen G, Pen V, Benzathine PCN, and Procaine PCN G

A

**Gold Standard for Gram (+) **

Pen G: IV, IM, Oral?
Pen V: Oral
Benzo and Procaine: IM

38
Q

PCNase Resistant Penicillins:

Nafacillin, Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin, Methicillin

A

Drug of choice for MSSA and MRSA

Hepatic metabolism and Renal excretion

Nafcillin (used in life threatening instances): IV, IM, Unipen
Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin: Oral
Methicillin: testing only

39
Q

Extended Spectrum Penicillins: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

A 
Extended gram (-) coverage
**Drug of choice for Lysteria!!!**

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin: Oral

40
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillins:
Piperacillin, Ticarcillin

Cannot be taken orally bc they are acid sensitive

A

Used to treat same bacteria as Extended Spectrum, plus additional gram (-)

*Major use: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (with Aminoglycosides to prevent resistance)

Other major use: Acinetobacter

Piperacillin, Ticarcillin: Parenteral

41
Q

5th Generation Cephalosporin

A

–taroline (IV)

42
Q

5th Generation Cephalosporin

A 
--taroline (IV)
MRSA, MRSA, MRSA
"odd duck" 
treats MRSA and VRSA
Only beta-lactam that can cover MRSA

No antipseudomonal activity

43
Q

4th Generation Cephalosporin

A

–epime (IV)

44
Q

4th Generation Cephalosporin

A

–epime (IV)
EMPIRIC DRUG of choice: covers Enterobacteria, MSSA, and Pseudomonas

more resistant to some Beta-lactamases

similar to 3rd gen

45
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • -triaxone
  • -otaxime sodium
  • -tazadime
  • -ixime
46
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Cefrtiaxone, Cefotaxime sodium, Ceftazidime- IM, IV

Cefixime- Oral

47
Q

3rd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Ceftriaxone: Neisseria Gonorrhea
Ceftazidime w/Aminoglycosides: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime sodium: CNS penetration

Contraindication: neonates- bilirubin displacement

48
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A
  • -aclor
  • -prozil
  • -uroxime
49
Q

2nd Generation Cephalosporins

A

Cefaclor, Cefprozil (Oral)
Cefuroxime (IV, IM)

very similar to 1st gen
(less gram +, more gram -, increased PCNase resistance)

50
Q

1st Generation Cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin (Oral)
Cefazolin (IV, IM)

Cefazolin- Surgical Prophylaxis

good against gram +
alternate for PCN Allergies

increased PCNase resistance

Quarter 2 (16 decks)

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