Pharm Final Flashcards
Match the following respiratory system related drug classes with their prototype drug: Xanthines Inhaled Steroids Antitussives Sympathomimetics
Xanthines: Theophylline
Inhaled Steroids: Budesonide
Antitussives: Dextromethorphan
Sypmathomimetics: Albuterol
The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen that occurs within the body is an essential part of homeostasis. When referring to this gas exchange event the nurse would use the term:
Respiration
When describing gas exchange, the nurse should teach a client that oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave the body by what method?
Diffusion
The nurse is caring for a client whose respiratory rate has increased from 21 to 32 breaths/minute. This change in status is ultimately caused by what?
Stimulation by the medulla
The nurse is teaching a class about common upper respiratory infections to parents of preschoolers. The nurse should cite what examples? Select all that apply.
Pharyngitis
Sinusitis
Common Cold
A client presents to the clinic with a dry nonproductive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis and it has been determined that assistance is needed in thinning the sputum so the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect the provider will prescribe?
Guaifensin
A nurse is caring for a patient who has just undergone an invasive abdominal surgery. The patient reports severe pain at the incision site when coughing and has requested an antitussive. The nurse provides education about using an antitussive in this situation and recognizes that the patient understands the teaching when he states:
“Coughing is important after surgery to help prevent post operative pneumonia.”
A patient with sinus pressure and pain related to seasonal rhinitis would benefit from taking:
Pseudoephedrine
A client calls a nurse help line and states he has been taking an OTC decongestant containing pseudoephedrine. The client states he has been feeling strange since taking the medication and wonders if the medication is causing his symptoms. The nurse knows that adverse reactions related to pseudoephedrine include:
Tachycardia
Nervousness
Insomnia
A nurse is participating in education with parents of a six year old child who was just diagnosed with asthma. The nurse explains that asthma is characterized by what factors?
Bronchospasm
Inflammation
Hyperactive Airways
A client is admitted with an asthma attack caused by an allergic reaction to a medication. The nurse is aware that this severe allergic response is triggered by the immediate release of what?
Histamine
The nurse is developing the teaching portion of a care plan for a client with asthma. What would be an important component for the nurse to emphasize?
chronic inhalation of nonallergic inhaled irritants can trigger an attack
A client has been diagnosed with asthma and prescribed inhaled steroids. What should the nurse teach the client about this treatment?
inhaled corticosteroids should not be used on an emergency basis
An inhaled sympathomimetic drug has been ordered for a teenage athlete who has exercise-induced asthma. What should the client be instructed to do?
Use the inhaler 30 to 60 minutes before exercising
The client is a 34-year-old man who recently started taking theophylline. The nurse knows that medication teaching has been successful when he agrees to what activity?
Avoiding beverages that contain caffeine
The nurse is caring for a 38-year-old client with asthma who has been started on albuterol. What assessment finding should the nurse most likely attribute to adverse medication effects?
The client’s heart rate is 99 beats/minute.
What action does an inhaled beta adrenergic agent (which is a sympathomimetic), like albuterol, have on patients with respiratory conditions such as asthma?
Bronchodilation
Ipratroprium (Atrovent) is an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator. What is the mechanism of action for Ipratroprium that treats patients with respiratory conditions such as asthma?
They block the cholinergic effect of bronchial constriction by the vagus nerve
All of the following orders (in the responses below) are received for a patient having an acute asthma attack. Which one will the nurse administer first?
Albuterol (Ventolin) 2.5 mg per nebulizer
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with all of the following characteristics except:
hyperactivity of airways in response to inhaled irritants
A 70-year-old man is being treated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with theophylline (Theo-Dur). What will be a priority assessment by the nurse?
Use of Nicotine
A client with pneumonia is receiving supplemental oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. The client’s history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease. Because of these findings, the nurse closely monitors the oxygen flow and the client’s respiratory status. Which complication may arise if the client receives a high oxygen concentration?
Apnea
A patient with COPD tells the nurse, “at home, I only have to use an Albuterol (Proventil) inhaler. Why did the doctor add an Ipratropium (Atrovent) inhaler while I’m in the hospital?” The appropriate response by the nurse is:
“Atrovent works differently to deflate the bronchi, and the two drugs together are more effective”
A patient with many adverse reactions to drugs is tried on Budesonide for treatment of bronchospasm. For the first three days the patient does not notice any improvement. The nurse should:
encourage the patient to continue the drug for 2-3 weeks
Antihistamines block the release or action of histamine and can be helpful with many respiratory tract conditions. This drug class can be separated into two categories known as:
first generation and second generation
A stepped care management approach to treating hypertension includes weight loss, smoking cessation, decreased use of alcohol, reducing salt in the diet, and increased physical exercise. During a stepped-care management approach, when should the nurse teach about these changes in lifestyle?
steps 1, 2, 3, and 4
The nurse is educating an older client about reasons the medication furosemide (Lasix) was prescribed. Which of the following statements would be appropriate to include in the education?
The Lasix will help you get rid of the extra fluid that your heart failure is causing
The nurse is explaining the normal conduction pathway to a client with a dysrhythmia. The nurse should explain what conduction pathway in the heart?
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers
The nurse provides teaching about digoxin to a client who will be self-administering the drug at home. The nurse determines further teaching is needed when the client says?
(Looking for a wrong answer)
I’ll take the medication with food so I don’t get nauseous
Nitrates are used for therapy to treat angina because they:
cause blood flow to dilate allowing more blood flow
Which class of anti-arrhythmics acts as myocardial cell depressants by inhibiting sodium ion movement into the myocardial cell
Class 1 - Lidocaine - sodium channel blocker
A client is taking hydrochlorothiazide for newly diagnosed essential hypertension, the nurse understands that this medication may cause or aggravate an imbalance in which electrolyte?
Potassium
A nurse is explaining how the myocardium receives oxygen to a newly graduated nurse who is beginning to work in the constant care unit. The nurse explains that the coronary arteries receive blood when?
During diastole
The nurse is caring for a client with decreased blood flow to the kidneys. The client’s blood pressure has been in the range of 150/100 mm Hg for several days. What is the most likely cause of the client’s hypertension?
Release of renin
The hospital nurse who works with the resuscitation team is responding to a code for an unresponsive client. The advanced cardiac life support protocol has been implemented. The nurse should prepare for administration of what medication?
Amiodorone
What measures are available for patients who have supratherapeutic effect of warfarin (Coumadin)?
administration of vitamin K and sometimes plasma
A client with hypertension has been started on Losartan. After 6 weeks of therapy, it is decided that the Losartan alone is not controlling the client’s hypertension. What does the nurse anticipate will be added to the Losartan regimen for better control of this client’s hypertension?
Hydrochlorothiazide
Antihypertensives can work in a variety of different ways to decrease blood pressure. Which of the following medications acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation, leading to vasodilation and drop in BP?
Hydralazine
Describe the path blood takes in the body beginning at the right atrium
right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, arteriole, capillaries, venules, veins, vena cava
What is the treatment goal for anti arrhythmias
restore normal heart rhythm and prevent it from getting worse
If we have someone who has the beginning of an arrhythmia what are we worried about?
Developing into v-tach
Class 1 antiarrhythmics, another name for it?
sodium channel blockers
What is the prototype for sodium channel blockers?
Lidocaine
Which class of antiarrhythmics is effected by inhibiting cardiac response to sympathetic nervous system and as a result reduces blood pressure and heart rate?
beta blocker - class 2 antiarrhythmic - propranolol
What antiarrhythmic might be used to treat a life threatening ventricular arrhythmia?
Amiodorone, class 3 antiarrhythmic - potassium channel blockers Or Lidocaine, class 1 antiarrhythmic - sodium channel blocker
What are class 2 antiarrhythmics?
Beta blockers
What is heart failure?
inability for the heart muscle to pump efficient amount of blood
What symptoms do we see with left sided heart failure?
lungs. Fluid backing up into the lungs
Right sided heart failure
blood flow, symptoms are seen peripherally, jugular vein distention will show increased intravascular flow
How can digoxin improve heart failure?
slows heart rate
Making each heart beat more effective
Increases intracellular calcium for muscle contraction, you have increased myocardial strength
