Pharm-Ch. 51

Question 1

Alkalosis

Answer 1

state of not having enough acid to maintain normal homeostatic processes; seen with loop diuretics, which cause loss of bicarbonate in the urine.

Question 2

Edema

Answer 2

movement of fluid into the interstitial spaces; occurs when the balance between osmotic pull (from plasma proteins) and hydrostatic push (from blood pressure) is upset.

Question 3

Fluid Rebound

Answer 3

reflex rxn of the body to the loss of fluid or sodium; the hypothalamus causes the release of ADH, which promotes water retention, and stress related to fluid loss combines with decreased blood flow to the kidneys to activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to further water and sodium retention.

Question 4

High-Ceiling Diuretics

Answer 4

powerful diuretics that work in the loop of Henle to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, leading to a sodium-rich diuresis.

Question 5

Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 5

excessive output of aldosterone from the adrenal gland, leading to increased sodium and water retention and loss of potassium.

Question 6

Hypokalemia

Answer 6

low potassium in the blood, which often occurs after diuretic use; characterized by weakness, muscle cramps, trembling, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 7

Osmotic Pull

Answer 7

drawing force of large molecules on water, pulling it into a tubule or capillary essential for maintaining normal fluid balance within the body; used to draw out excess fluid into the vascular system or the renal tubule.