Pharm-Ch. 44

Question 1

Afterload

Answer 1

resistance against which the heart has to beat.

Question 2

Cardiac Output

Answer 2

volume of blood being pumped by the heart.

Question 3

Cardiomegaly

Answer 3

enlargement of the heart, commonly seen with chronic hypertension, valvular disease, and heart failure.

Question 4

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

a disease of the heart muscle that leads to an enlarged heart and eventually to complete heart muscle failure and death.

Question 5

Dyspnea

Answer 5

discomfort with respirations, often with a feeling of anxiety and inability to breathe, seen with left-sided heart failure.

Question 6

Heart Failure (HF)

Answer 6

a condition in which the heart muscle fails to adequately pump blood around the cardiovascular system, leading to a backup or congestion of blood in the system.

Question 7

Hemoptysis

Answer 7

blood-tinged sputum, seen in left-sided heart failure when blood backs up into the lungs and fluid leaks out into the lung tissue.

Question 8

Nocturia

Answer 8

getting up to void at night, reflecting increased renal perfusion with fluid shifts in the supine position when a person has gravity-dependent edema related to heart failure; other medical conditions, including urinary tract infection, increase the need to get up and void.

Question 9

Orthopnea

Answer 9

difficulty breathing when lying down, often referred to by the number of pillows required to allow a person to breathe comfortably.

Question 10

Positive Inotropic

Answer 10

effect resulting in an increased force of contraction.

Question 11

Preload

Answer 11

amount of blood that is brought back to the heart to be pumped throughout the body.

Question 12

Pulmonary Edema

Answer 12

severe left-sided heart failure with backup of blood into the lungs, leading to loss of fluid into the lung tissue.

Question 13

Tachypnea

Answer 13

rapid and shallow respirations, seen with left-sided heart failure.