Pharm-Ch. 43

Question 1

ACE Inhibitor

Answer 1

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. Drug that blocks ACE, the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs; this blocking prevents the vasoconstriction and aldosterone release related to angiotensin II.

Question 2

Angiotensin II Receptors

Answer 2

specific receptors found in blood essels and in the adrenal gland that react with angiotensin II to cause vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone.

Question 3

Baroreceptor

Answer 3

pressure receptor; located in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid artery; responds to changes in pressure and influences the medulla to stimulate the sympathetic system to increase or decrease blood pressure.

Question 4

Cardiovascular Center

Answer 4

area of the medulla at which stimulation will activate the sympathetic nervous system to increase blood pressure, heart rate, and so forth.

Question 5

Essential Hypertension

Answer 5

sustained blood pressure above normal limits with no discernible underlying cause.

Question 6

Hypotension

Answer 6

sustained blood pressure that is lower than that required to adequately perfuse all of the body’s tissues.

Question 7

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

Answer 7

compensatory process that leads to increased blood pressure and blood volume to ensure perfusion of the kidneys; important in the continual regulation of blood pressure.

Question 8

Shock

Answer 8

severe hypotension that can lead to accumulation of waste products and cell death.

Question 9

Stroke Volume

Answer 9

the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each beat; important in determining blood pressure.