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Nursing School > Pharm Exam 2 > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Digoxin (lanoxin)

A
  • Positive Inotropic Effect
    • inc forced of contraction
  • Negative Chonotropic
  • Antiarrhythmics
  • Decreases conduction through SA and AV nodes
  • Increases Cardic Output and Slow the Rate.
  • Hypokalemia/Hypercalcemia
  • toxicity first sign ab pain, anorexia, nausea, visual disturbances, bradycardia
  • half life- 36-48 hrs
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2
Q

Spironolactine (aldactone)

A
  • Potassium Sparing
  • Inhibits Sodium Reabsorption
  • manages hyperaldosterone
  • manage edema
  • antihypertensive
  • treats hypokalemia
  • for patients with Heart Failure
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3
Q

Nitrates

A
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4
Q

Potassium Sparing Drugs

A
  • Triamterene (Dyrenium)
  • Spironolactone (Aldactone)
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5
Q

AntiCoagulants Drugs

A
  • Warfarin (coumadin)
  • Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
  • Heparin
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6
Q

Beta Blocker Drugs

A
  • Atenolol (Tenormin)
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7
Q

Antiplatelet Agent Drugs

A
  • Clopidogrel (Plavix)
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8
Q

ACE inhibitor Drugs

A
  • Benazepril (Lotensin)
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9
Q

Thiazide Diuretic Drugs

A
  • Hydrochlorothiazide
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10
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker Drugs

A
  • Nifedipine (Procardia)
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11
Q

Thrombolytic Drugs

A
  • Alteplase (tPA)
    *
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12
Q

Loop Diuretic Drugs

A
  • Digoxin
  • Bumetanide
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13
Q

Lipid Lower Agent Drug(s)

A
  • Simvastatin (Zocor)
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14
Q

Heparin

A
  • Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
  • Anticoagulant
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15
Q

Thiazide i.e. Chlorthiazide (Diuril)

A
  • Mild to Moderate hypertension
  • Heart failure
  • Renal Dysfunction
  • Increases excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in distal tubule
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16
Q

atenolol

A
  • Antiangina/antihypertensive
  • Block stimulation of beta1 (myocardia). DOES NOT affect beta 2 (pulmonary, vascular, uterin)
  • decrease BP
  • decrease frequency of attacks of angina
  • prevention of MI
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17
Q

Warfarin Coumadin

A
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18
Q

Mannitol

A
  • Natiuresis- sodium loss in the urine
  • Osmotics
  • used to decrease intracranial pressure (cerbral edema)
  • Decreases intra ocular pressure (Glaucoma)
  • Chemotherapy-induces frank diuresis
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19
Q

Dapigatran (Pradaxa)

A
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20
Q

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

A
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21
Q

Furosamide Lasix

A
  • Loop Diuretic
  • Antihypertensive
  • Lead to ototoxicity
  • increases excretion of water, Na, CL, Mg, K, Ca
  • Effective even in patients with impaired renal function
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22
Q

-arin suffix means

A

anti-coagulant

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23
Q

Thrombolytics end in -ase

A
  • Streptokinase, Altepase
  • Enzymes
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24
Q

Which drugs have a major effect in decreasing the strength of cardiac contraction?

A

Calcium channel blockers

25
Q

pril is what type of drug?

A

ACE inhibitor

26
Q

An angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure

A

ACE inhibitor

27
Q

Step 1: Blood has cicrulationg through the body, lost its oxygen and collected CO2, where does it enter?

A
  • Right Atrium of the heart through the Vena Cava
28
Q

Step 2: Right Atrium Contracts and pumps blood through which valves?

A

Tricuspid valve and right ventricle

29
Q

Step 3 of 9: The Right Ventricle pumps blood where?

A
  • Through the pulmonary artery into the lungs
30
Q

Step 4: What do the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the lungs do?

A

absorb CO2 from blood and replace it with oxygen

31
Q

Step 5: oxygenated blood flows through the pulmonary vein and into where?

A
  • Left Atrium
32
Q

Step 6: Oxygenated blood pumps throu the mitral valve and into where?

A

Left Ventricle

33
Q

Once the blood has gone through the aortic arch, what are the option for where blood can be pumped?

A
  • thru carotid artery into the brain
  • auxiliary arteries into the arms
  • aorta and into the torso/legs
34
Q

Step 8: Blood moves through the arteries, then through capillaries, where does it return?

A

Veins

35
Q

Step 9: What is the last step of the cardiac cycle?

A

Deoxygenated blood will return to the heart

36
Q

Treatment of Angina

A
  • Beta Blockers
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Oranic Nitrates
37
Q

Antidote for Heparine is?

A

protamine Sulfate

38
Q

a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning. The term ultimately derives from the Greek αντιδιδοναι antididonai, “given against”

A

Antidote

39
Q

INR Ratio

A
  • Better test
  • International Normalized Ratio
40
Q

If INR is less than 2.0 what should happen for warfarin?

A

dose should be increased

41
Q

If INR is greater than 3 how should warfarin be adjusted?

A

decreased

42
Q

Inotropic Action

A

Influenced the force of muscular contractility

43
Q

Chonotropic Action

A

Infuencing heart rate

44
Q

Domotropic Action

A
  • influencing the nerve conductivity of the muscles
  • DERMATONES!
45
Q

-plase drugs

A

Thrombolytics

46
Q

-or drugs

A

HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

47
Q

Major adverse effect of Statins

A

Liver dysfunction, Category X

48
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A
  • slowing down the heart rate and the force at which it contracts
  • They are ingested
49
Q

How do calcium channel blockers work?

A
  • Ingested
  • slow down heart rate & force at which it contracts
  • Decrease pressure on the circulation, by relaxing the blood vessels
  • Allows blood to flow more smoothly
  • Vasodilation
  • Decrease afterload
50
Q

How does nitroglycerin have a therapeutic effect on the patient with angina?

A

absense of chest pain.

51
Q

Patient Education for Nitroglycerin

A
  • Patients should change positions slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension
  • Keep in a cool dry place
  • May cause a headache, tylenol for pain relief
  • take 3 tablets every 5 minutes, if no relief seek med assistance.
52
Q

Fluid and Electrolytes for Diuril/Chlorthiazide

A
  • hypokalemia
  • dehydration
  • hypercalcemia
  • hypochloremic alkalosis
  • hypomagnesemia
  • hyponatremia
  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperuricemia
53
Q

Proranolol (Inderal) Precautions

A
  • patients with pulmonary disease including asthma
  • beta blocker- blocks 1 & 2
54
Q

ACE inhibitor Captopril (Capoten)

A
  • Peaks 60-90 min and lasts 6-12 hours
  • may lead to neutropenia. Monitor the CBC with differential prior to therapy, every 2wks for first 3 mnths and up to 1 yr.
  • for high BP and heart failure
  • may cause cough, hyperkalemia and angioedema
55
Q

Nitropursside (Nitropress)

A
  • administered IV
  • antihypertensive
  • half life is 2 min
  • monitor BP, HR, ECG frequently.
  • Monitor for rebound hypertension
56
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A
  • Avoid Grapefruit Juice increases level and effect
  • antiangina, antihypertensive, antiarrhythmics
  • monitor I/O, daily weight
  • cause edema, weight gain.
  • may cause steven johnson syndrome
57
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • antiangina
  • increases blood flow by dilating coronary arteries
  • vasodilation, venous greater than arterial
  • decreases preload
  • reduced myocardial oxygen consumption
  • half life 1-4 minutes
  • Used w/ Sildenafil, Tadalafil and Vardenafil will lead to potentially fatal hypotension
58
Q

Antihypertensive 6 Categories

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Symatholytics
  3. Direct-acting arteriolar Vasodilators
  4. ACE inhibitor
  5. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBS)
  6. Calcium Channel Blockers
59
Q

Sympatholytic Categories x5

A
  1. Beta Adrenergic Blocker
  2. Centrally acting Alpha 2 Agonist
  3. Alpha Adrenergic Blocker
  4. Adrenergic Neuron Blocker
  5. Alpha 1 and Beta 1 Adrnergic Blocker.

Nursing School (33 decks)

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