Exam 2: NR414 REV Flashcards
This is grinding of the teeth expecially at night
Bruxism
Smooth Glossy tongue that occurs with pernicious anemia
Atrophic Glossitis
This is a fungal infections, commonly called thrush in new borns
Candidiasis
This is a term for “dry mouth”
Xerostomia
A tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus. It is the most common lesion seen in people wit AIDS
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/565/308/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447303)
This is a fungal infection of the tongue. A temporary, harmless oral condition that gives your tongue a dark, furry appearance.
Black hairy tongue
Crcking erythema and painful fissures at the corners of the mouth that occur with excess salivation.
Cheilitis
Smooth, pale gray nodules that are overgrowths of mucosa.
Polyps
Another name for nosebleed
Epistaxis
Another name for runny nose
Rhinorrhea
a nontender, fibrous nodule in the gum between teeth
Epulis
painless enlargement of the gums, sometimes overreaching the teeth.
Gingival hyperplasia
Gum margins are red, swollen, and bleed easily, usually due to poor hygeine or vitamin C deficiency
Gingivitis
Another name for a canker sore. (painful, open sore in the mouth. Canker sores are white or yellow and surrounded by a bright red area.)
Aphthous Ulcers
Another name for cold sores
Herpes Simplex 1
decrease mobility of the tongue tip
Ankyloglossia
Chalky, white, thick, raised patch with well defined borders.
Leukoplasia
Jarvis:
How does atrial systole occur?
independently of ventricular function
Jarvis:
The second heart sound is the result of:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/568/763/q_image_thumb.png?1659504203)
closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves
Jarvis:
When palpating an apical impulse what is the normal size?
2 cm
Jarvis:
Where do you listen in the pulmonic valve area?
the 2nd Left Interspace
Jarvis:
What is the difference between S2 & S3?
S3 is lower pitched and is heard at the apex
Jarvis:
When auscultating the heart your first step is to:
identify S1 & S2
Jarvis:
Where is a split S2 heard most clearly?
pulmonic
Jarvis:
Why is the stethoscope placed lighting against the skin?
it does not act as a diaphragm
Jarvis:
What is the function of the venous system?
Hold more blood when blood volume increases
Jarvis:
What organs aid the lymphatic system?
spleen, tonsils, thymus
Jarvis:
What causes varicose veins in pregnant women?
pressure of the growing uterus on the veins
Jarvis:
A 4+ edema of the right leg is documents. The best description of theis type of edema is:
very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time
Jarvis:
A known risk for venous ulcer development is:
obesity
Jarvis:
What does Brawny mean?
non pitting edema
The most common site of nosebleeds
Kiesselbach Plexus
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/569/451/a_image_thumb.gif?1659447305)
Which sinuses can we physically examine
Frontal, Maxillary
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/569/704/a_image_thumb.png?1659447305)
This is the midline fold of tissue that connects the gongue to the floor of the mouth
Frenulum
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/570/047/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447306)
Where are the largest salivary glands located?
Within the cheeks in front of the ear
What is a common cause of dry mouth?
medications
the bone and cartilage that divide the nasal cavity of the nose in half – is significantly off center, or crooked, making breathing difficult
Deviated Septum. Document in case patient needs to be suctions
Where is the most common locations for oral malignancies to occur
under the tongue. “Mucosal Gutter”
In a medical reocord, the tonisl are grades as 3+. The tonsils would be located where?
touching the uvula
What is the function of the nasal turbinates?
Warm the inhaled air
The opening of an adult’s partodi gland (Stenson’s Duct) is opposite the:
upper 2nd molar
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/571/124/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447306)
How can you tell the difference between a nasal polyp and a nasal turbinate?
- A polyp is:
- movable
- pale and gray in color
- nontender
What are epistein pearls?
- small round, white shiny papules on the hard palate and gums of 2 month old.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/571/691/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447306)
What should you palpate when examiniong the tongue
the U shaped area under the tongue
What is the manubriosternal angle
the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/572/803/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447306)
Which side of the lungs is narrower and only has 2 sides
Left lung
What are signs of chronic bronchitis?
- cough for at least 3 months of the year
- 2 years in a row
Where do you asses for symmetric chest expansion
- place hands on posterolateral chest wall
- thums at the level of T9 or T10
- slide hands up to pinch up a small fold of skin
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/574/532/a_image_thumb.png?1659447307)
Absence of diaphtramatic excursion (breathing) occurs with…
Pleural effusion or atelectasis of the lower lobes
Where do you auscultate for breath sounds
- hold diaphragm of steh against chest wall
- listen to 1 full respiration in each location
- compare Side to Side
This breath sound is moderate in pitch, inspiration= expiration
Bronchovesicular breath sounds
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/576/562/a_image_thumb.png?1659447307)
What is the diagnosis:
Increase respiratory rate, chest expansion decreased on left side, dull percussion over left lower lobe. Breath sounds with crackles over left lobe.
Lobar Pneumonia
In a physical assessment what is a symptom of chronic congenital heart disease and COPD
- nail base >160 degrees
- base feels spongy to palpate
Patient complains of pain with breathing. You note low pitched sound during both inspiration and expiration.
Pleural Friction Rub
“99”, “Blue”, “EEEE”
egophony technique while moving stethoscope
This tool measures arterial oxygen saturation
pulse oximeter
Which assessment technique is best utilized for examing a pleural friction rub
auscultation
Where is the apex of the lung located?
- 3 to 4 cm above the inner third of the clavicels
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/577/941/a_image_thumb.gif?1659447308)
Where is the base of the lung?
Rests on the diaphragm
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/578/425/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447309)
Where is the left lateral lung located?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/578/585/q_image_thumb.jpg?1659504206)
- sixth rib, midclavicular line
Where is the Right Lateral Lung Border?
Fifth intercostal
Where is the posterior apex of the lung border?
C7
How is a normal chest shaped?
elliptical shape with an anteroposterior transverse diameter. Ratio 1:2
Anteroposterior means
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/579/012/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447309)
How is a barrell chest shaped
Anteroposterior = transverse diameter
How is pectus excavatum shaped?
sunken sternum and ajacent cartilages
How is pectus carniatum shaped?
forward protrusion of the sternum with ribs sloping back at either side
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/580/914/a_image_thumb.jpg?1659447310)
How is scoliosis shaped?
lateral S shaped Curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine
Exaggerated posterior curvature of the spine
Kyphosis
Bronchial Tracheal Characteristics:
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/581/627/q_image_thumb.png?1659504208)
- High pitched
- Inspiration < Experiation
- Harsh,Hollow, Tubular
- Trachea/Larynx
This breath sound is over the major bronchi where fewer alveoli are located: Posterior b/w capulae especially on Rt anterior. Around Upper sternum in 1st and 2nd ICS
Bronchovesicular
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/582/960/a_image_thumb.png?1659447310)
This breath sound is over peripheral lung fields where air flows through smaller bronchioles and alveoli
Vesicular
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/583/158/a_image_thumb.png?1659447311)
Characteristics of Vesicular Sounds
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/129/583/665/q_image_thumb.png?1659504209)
- Low pitch
- inspiration > Expiration
- Rustling like wind in trees
What is the name for this respiration pattern?
Sigh
This is purposeful and expands the alveoli. May indicate emotional dysfunction and could lead to hyperventilation.
Sigh
Name this respiration pattern
Biot’s Respiration
This is a series of normal respiration followed by a period of apnea. Cycle is variable, lasting from 10- 60 sec.
- Biots Respiration (irregular)
- Seen with head trauma, brain abscess, heat stroke spinal meningitis, & encephalitis
Name this respiration pattern?
Normal Adult
Rate is usually 10-20 breaths/min. Depth 500-800ml. Pattern is even.
Normal Adult
Name this respiration pattern?
Cheyne Stokes
Breathing periods last 30-45 sec, with 20 sec periods of apnea. Respirations wax and wane.
- Cheyne Stokes
- severe heart failure, drug OD, older adult during sleep, infant
Name this respiration pattern
Tachypnea
Rapid shallow breathing. >24/min.
- Tachypnea
- exercise, fever, fear, pneumonia
Name this respiration pattern
Bradypnea
Slow breathing, <10/min
- Bradypnea
- drug induced
- diabetic coma
Name this respiration pattern
hyperventilation
Rate & depth both increase with this respiration type. Blows off CO2 causing a low level in the blood.
- Hyperventilation
- extreme exertion, fear, anxiety, hepatic coma, diabetic, lesions of the brain