Pharm, Drugs of Abuse, part I

Question 1

what type of drugs are naloxone and naltexone

Answer 1

opioid R antagonist

Question 2

what type of drug is methadone

Answer 2

synthetic opioid

Question 3

what type of drug is buprenorphine

Answer 3

partial mu opioid agonist

Question 4

what type of drug is carenicline (chantix)

Answer 4

nicotinic R partial agonist

Question 5

what type of drugs are oxazepam and lorazepam

Answer 5

benzos

Question 6

what type of drug is Acamprosate

Answer 6

NMDA R antagonist

Question 7

what type of drug is rimonabant

Answer 7

cannacinoid R agonist

Question 8

what type of drug is rimonabant

Answer 8

cannabinoid R agonist

Question 9

dependence

Answer 9

compulsive use of substance despite significant problems resulting from use

Question 10

what must be met for substance dependent

Answer 10

3 criteria in 12 mo period

• preoccupation with use of chemical between periods of use
• need more than anticipated
• development of tolerance to chemical in question
• withdrawal Sx from chemical
• use chemical to avoid withdrawal Sx
• repeated efforts to cut back
• intoxication at inapprpraiate times
• reduction in social or recreational activities
• continued substance abuse in spite of associated problems

Question 11

what are psychological withdrawal Sx

Answer 11

cravings
irritability
insomnia
depression
anorexia

Question 12

physiological dependence

Answer 12

continuous drug administration to prevent withdrawal Sx

Question 13

physiological dependence

Answer 13

continuous drug administration to prevent withdrawal Sx

Question 14

withdrawal Sx of pshysiological dependence

Answer 14

anxiety, insomnia, CNS excitability that may progress into convulsions in case of sedative-hypnotics or ethanol

Question 15

abuse

Answer 15

pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning
1 of the criteria for dependence present in 12 mo period

Question 16

tolerance

Answer 16

dec in responsiveness to a drug following repeated exposure
dose response curve shifts to right
diazepam does this

Question 17

sensitization

Answer 17

increase in response with repetition of same dose of drug
conditioning
dose response curve shits to L
cocaine does this

Question 18

withdrawal

Answer 18

consist of adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure terminated
evidence of physical dependence
re-adaptation of CNS to absence of drug of dependence

Question 19

example of withdrawal

Answer 19

decreased expression of GABAa R and increased expression NMDA R from chronic ethanol exposure causing hyperarousal of CNS during ethanol withdrawal

Question 20

primary target of addictive drugs

Answer 20

mesolimbic DA system

Question 21

mesolimbic DA system

Answer 21

originates VTA and projects to nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal Cx

Question 22

activation of mesolimbic pathway causes

Answer 22

pleasure related effect

Question 23

molecular targets in mesolimbic system

Answer 23

G couple R
ionotropic R
monoamine transporters

Question 24

Drugs that activate GPCR

Answer 24

opioids
cannabinoids
GABA
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

Question 25

drugs that bind ionotropic R and ion channels

Answer 25

nicotine alcohol benzos phencyclidine, ketamine

Question 26

drugs that bind to transporters of biogenic amines

Answer 26

cocaine amphetamine ecstasy

Question 27

MOA LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

Answer 27

partial agonist, serotonin GPCR

Question 28

effects of GPCR acting drugs on dopamine neurons

Answer 28

disinhibition

Question 29

nicotine is agonist where and cause what on dopamine neurons

Answer 29

nAChR | excitation

Question 30

benzo effects on dopamine neurons

Answer 30

disinhibition

Question 31

phencylidine. ketamine MOA

Answer 31

antagonist NMDA R

Question 32

which drugs reverse transporter of NT

Answer 32

amphetamines and Ecstasy

Question 33

Which drugs block DA uptake

Answer 33

cocaine amphetamine ecstasy

Question 34

nonaddictive drugs target what

Answer 34

cortical and thalamic circuits | alter perception without causing sensations of reward and euphoria

Question 35

tachyphylaxis

Answer 35

rapid tolerance

Question 36

what suggests that LSD and hallucinogens are not addictive

Answer 36

animals do not self administer

Question 37

other names for PCP and ketamine

Answer 37

angel dust, special K, hog

Question 38

effects of PCP and ketamine

Answer 38

``` psychedelic effects for 1 hr inc BP impaired memory disorientation nystagmus visual alterations ```

Question 39

long term effects of non addictive drugs

Answer 39

PCP can lead to irreversible schizophrenia like psychosis | LSD cause flashbacks of altered perception years after consumption

Question 40

opioids MOS

Answer 40

inhibit adenylyl cyclase disinhibit DA neurons

Question 41

nalaxone MOA

Answer 41

pure opioid antagonist that reverses effects of a dose of opiates within minutes provokes acute withdrawal syndrome in situations where dependent person has opiates in system

Question 42

use methadone and buprenorphine

Answer 42

substitution therapy tolerance and physical dependence develop more slowly supervised intake abrupt discontinuation precipitates withdrawal Sx

Question 43

Why are endocannabinoids called retrograde messengers

Answer 43

bind presynaptic CB1 R and inhibit release of glutamate or GABA

Question 44

exogenous cannabinoid THC

Answer 44

disinhibition of DA neurons by presynaptic inhibition of GABA neurons in VTA

Question 45

effects of THC

Answer 45

euphoria, relaxation, feelings of well being, grandiosity, altered perception of passage of time

Question 46

THC induce effects

Answer 46

increased appetite, attenuation of nausea, dec intraocular P, relief of chronic pain

Question 47

chronic exposure to THC

Answer 47

dependence with mild and short lived withdrawal syndrome: | restlessness, irritability, mild agitation, insomnia, nausea, cramping

Question 48

Dronabinol

Answer 48

FDA approved THC analog for anorexia and weight loss in AIDS patients and cancer-chemo induced nausea and vomiting

Question 49

Nabilone

Answer 49

THC analog used for Tx of refractory nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemo and as adjunct in chronic pain management

Question 50

GHB

Answer 50

produced during metabolism GABA | activates GABAb producing euphoria, enhanced sensory perceptions, feelings of social closeness and amnesia

Question 51

other names for GHB

Answer 51

liquid ecstasy, date rape drug

Question 52

higher dose GHB

Answer 52

hyperpolarizes DA neurons and inhibits DA release

Question 53

GHB targets GABAb on what neurons

Answer 53

GABA(more sensitive) and dA neurons