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Year 2 Psych exam2 > Pharm, Drugs of Abuse, part I > Flashcards

Pharm, Drugs of Abuse, part I Flashcards

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1
Q

what type of drugs are naloxone and naltexone

A

opioid R antagonist

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2
Q

what type of drug is methadone

A

synthetic opioid

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3
Q

what type of drug is buprenorphine

A

partial mu opioid agonist

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4
Q

what type of drug is carenicline (chantix)

A

nicotinic R partial agonist

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5
Q

what type of drugs are oxazepam and lorazepam

A

benzos

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6
Q

what type of drug is Acamprosate

A

NMDA R antagonist

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7
Q

what type of drug is rimonabant

A

cannacinoid R agonist

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8
Q

what type of drug is rimonabant

A

cannabinoid R agonist

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9
Q

dependence

A

compulsive use of substance despite significant problems resulting from use

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10
Q

what must be met for substance dependent

A

3 criteria in 12 mo period

  • preoccupation with use of chemical between periods of use
  • need more than anticipated
  • development of tolerance to chemical in question
  • withdrawal Sx from chemical
  • use chemical to avoid withdrawal Sx
  • repeated efforts to cut back
  • intoxication at inapprpraiate times
  • reduction in social or recreational activities
  • continued substance abuse in spite of associated problems
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11
Q

what are psychological withdrawal Sx

A 
cravings
irritability
insomnia
depression
anorexia
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12
Q

physiological dependence

A

continuous drug administration to prevent withdrawal Sx

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13
Q

physiological dependence

A

continuous drug administration to prevent withdrawal Sx

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14
Q

withdrawal Sx of pshysiological dependence

A

anxiety, insomnia, CNS excitability that may progress into convulsions in case of sedative-hypnotics or ethanol

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15
Q

abuse

A

pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning
1 of the criteria for dependence present in 12 mo period

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16
Q

tolerance

A

dec in responsiveness to a drug following repeated exposure
dose response curve shifts to right
diazepam does this

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17
Q

sensitization

A

increase in response with repetition of same dose of drug
conditioning
dose response curve shits to L
cocaine does this

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18
Q

withdrawal

A

consist of adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure terminated
evidence of physical dependence
re-adaptation of CNS to absence of drug of dependence

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19
Q

example of withdrawal

A

decreased expression of GABAa R and increased expression NMDA R from chronic ethanol exposure causing hyperarousal of CNS during ethanol withdrawal

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20
Q

primary target of addictive drugs

A

mesolimbic DA system

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21
Q

mesolimbic DA system

A

originates VTA and projects to nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal Cx

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22
Q

activation of mesolimbic pathway causes

A

pleasure related effect

23
Q

molecular targets in mesolimbic system

A

G couple R
ionotropic R
monoamine transporters

24
Q

Drugs that activate GPCR

A

opioids
cannabinoids
GABA
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

25
Q

drugs that bind ionotropic R and ion channels

A

nicotine
alcohol
benzos
phencyclidine, ketamine

26
Q

drugs that bind to transporters of biogenic amines

A

cocaine
amphetamine
ecstasy

27
Q

MOA LSD, mescaline, psilocybin

A

partial agonist, serotonin GPCR

28
Q

effects of GPCR acting drugs on dopamine neurons

A

disinhibition

29
Q

nicotine is agonist where and cause what on dopamine neurons

A

nAChR

excitation

30
Q

benzo effects on dopamine neurons

A

disinhibition

31
Q

phencylidine. ketamine MOA

A

antagonist NMDA R

32
Q

which drugs reverse transporter of NT

A

amphetamines and Ecstasy

33
Q

Which drugs block DA uptake

A

cocaine
amphetamine
ecstasy

34
Q

nonaddictive drugs target what

A

cortical and thalamic circuits

alter perception without causing sensations of reward and euphoria

35
Q

tachyphylaxis

A

rapid tolerance

36
Q

what suggests that LSD and hallucinogens are not addictive

A

animals do not self administer

37
Q

other names for PCP and ketamine

A

angel dust, special K, hog

38
Q

effects of PCP and ketamine

A 
psychedelic effects for 1 hr
inc BP
impaired memory
disorientation
nystagmus
visual alterations
39
Q

long term effects of non addictive drugs

A

PCP can lead to irreversible schizophrenia like psychosis

LSD cause flashbacks of altered perception years after consumption

40
Q

opioids MOS

A

inhibit adenylyl cyclase disinhibit DA neurons

41
Q

nalaxone MOA

A

pure opioid antagonist that reverses effects of a dose of opiates within minutes
provokes acute withdrawal syndrome in situations where dependent person has opiates in system

42
Q

use methadone and buprenorphine

A

substitution therapy
tolerance and physical dependence develop more slowly
supervised intake
abrupt discontinuation precipitates withdrawal Sx

43
Q

Why are endocannabinoids called retrograde messengers

A

bind presynaptic CB1 R and inhibit release of glutamate or GABA

44
Q

exogenous cannabinoid THC

A

disinhibition of DA neurons by presynaptic inhibition of GABA neurons in VTA

45
Q

effects of THC

A

euphoria, relaxation, feelings of well being, grandiosity, altered perception of passage of time

46
Q

THC induce effects

A

increased appetite, attenuation of nausea, dec intraocular P, relief of chronic pain

47
Q

chronic exposure to THC

A

dependence with mild and short lived withdrawal syndrome:

restlessness, irritability, mild agitation, insomnia, nausea, cramping

48
Q

Dronabinol

A

FDA approved THC analog for anorexia and weight loss in AIDS patients and cancer-chemo induced nausea and vomiting

49
Q

Nabilone

A

THC analog used for Tx of refractory nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemo and as adjunct in chronic pain management

50
Q

GHB

A

produced during metabolism GABA

activates GABAb producing euphoria, enhanced sensory perceptions, feelings of social closeness and amnesia

51
Q

other names for GHB

A

liquid ecstasy, date rape drug

52
Q

higher dose GHB

A

hyperpolarizes DA neurons and inhibits DA release

53
Q

GHB targets GABAb on what neurons

A

GABA(more sensitive) and dA neurons

Year 2 Psych exam2 (13 decks)

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