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NMSP Exam 3 > Pharm: Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Pharm: Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What is Abstinence Syndrome?

A

S/S that occur on withdrawal of a drug in a dependent person

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2
Q

What is an addiction?

A

Compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction, often in the face of known risks to health

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3
Q

What is a controlled substance?

A

drug deemed to have abuse potential that is listed on government schedules of controlled substances

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4
Q

What is dependency?

A

state characterized by s/s, frequently the opposite of those caused by a drug, when it is withdrawn from a chronic user or when the dose is lowered suddenly.

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5
Q

What is a designer drug?

A

a synthetic derivative of a drug, with slightly modified structure

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6
Q

What is tolerance?

A

a decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effect

can be behavioral, metabolic, or functional

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7
Q

What is sensitization?

A

an increase in response with repetition of the same dose of the drug

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8
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated

Withdrawal is the evidence of a physical dependencence

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9
Q

What is the criteria of a schedule I drug

What are some examples?

A

No medical use, high addiction potential

Flunitrazepam, Heroin, LSD, Mescaline, PCP, MDA, MDMA, STP

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10
Q

What is the criteria for schedule II drugs

What are some examples?

A

Medical use, high addiction potential

Amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, short acting barbiturates, strong opioids

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11
Q

What is the criteria for Schedule III drugs

What are some examples?

A

Medical use, moderate abuse potential?

Anabolic steroids, barbiturates, dronabinol, ketamine, moderate opioid agonists

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12
Q

What is the criteria for Schedule IV drugs

What are some examples?

A

medical use, low abuse potential

Benzos, chloral hydrate, mild stimulants, most hypnotics, weak opioids

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13
Q

What is the duration of symptoms for ETOH?

What are some other sx?

A

Approx. 1hr per serving

odor on breath, slurred speech, lack of coordination

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14
Q

What is the duration of sx for tobacco?

What are some other sx?

A

20 min

odor on breath/clothes

stained fingers/teeth

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15
Q

What is the duration of sx for Marijuana?

What are some other sx?

A

2-4hrs

red eyes, odor, eyelid tremors, muscle tremors, increased appetite

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16
Q

What is the duration of sx for Inhalants?

What are some other sx?

A

5 min to 8hrs

jittery, talkative, runny nose or dry mouth

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17
Q

What is the duration of sx for depressants?

What are some other sx?

A

1-16hrs

disordiented, drowsy, uncoordinated, slow/slurred speech

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18
Q

What is the duration of sx for hallcuinogens?

What are some other sx?

A

5 min - 12hrs

spacey, hallucinations, paranoia, memory loss, uncoordinated

19
Q

What is the duration of sx for narcotics?

What are some other sx?

A

4-24 hrs

Sleepy, droopy eyelids, soft/low voice, euphoria

20
Q

What is the duration of action for PCP?

What are the other sx?

A

4-6 hrs

Confused, aggressive, sweaty, repetitive

(so every medical student ever)

21
Q

What are the most abused prescription painkillers?

A

Fentanyl

hydrocodone

oxycodone

22
Q

What are the most commonly abused prescription depressants

A

Alprazolam (Xanny)

Zolpidem

Zaleplon

23
Q

what are the most abused prescription stimulants?

A

Adderal

Methylphenidate

24
Q

What overdose sx do you see with amphetamines, methylphenidate and cocaine?

A

agitation

HTN

tachycardia

delusions/hallucinations

hyperthermia

Sz

death

25
Q

What withdrawal sx do you see with amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine?

A

apathy, irritability, increased sleeping, disorientation, depression

26
Q

What overdose effects are seen with barbiturates, benzos, and ETOH?

A

slurred speech, drunk behavior, dilated pupils, weak/rapid pulse, clammy, shalow respirations, coma, death

27
Q

What are the withdrawal sx of barbiturates, benzos, and ETOH?

A

anxiety

insomnia

delirum

tremors

sz

death

28
Q

What are the overdose effects of heroin and other storng opioids?

A

constricted pupils, clammy skin, nausea, drowsiness, respiratory depression, coma, death

29
Q

What are the withdrawal sx of heroin/strong opioids?

A

nausea, chills, cramps, lacrimation/rhinorrhea, yawning, hyperpnea, tremor

30
Q

What drug can be given to decrease desire to drink ETOH?

A

Acamprosate

31
Q

What drugs are abused but not really addictive?

A

LSD (can cause flashbacks/altered perception)

Mescaline

Psilocybin

PCP (can lead to psychosis)

Ketamine

32
Q

What is the main use of caffiene?

A

improve mental alertness

treating migraines in comination with aspirin or acetaminophen

post-epidural headaches

33
Q

Caffeine can be used for several conditions, including:

A

Asthma

ADHD

OCD

Memory

Weight loss in combo with ephedrine

34
Q

What is binge drinking?

What is heavy drinking?

A

For women: 4 or more drinks during a single occasion

For men: 5 or more drinks during a single occasion

For women: 8/week

For men: 15/week

35
Q

ETOH has 0 order kinectics, meaning:

A

rate remains constant and is independent of concentration or amount of chemical

the biological system is the rate-limiting factor

t1/2 increases with dose (not a true t1/2)

36
Q

Describe the metabolism of ETOH

A

ETOH undergoes extensive first pass metabolism thus a 70kg adult can metabolize 7-10g of ETOH per hr

(IE one drink per hour)

37
Q

What is the clinical care required in someone with acute alcohol intoxication?

A

monitor respiratory depression and aspiration of vomit

glucose can treat metabolic alterations such as hypoglycemia and ketosis

thiamine to protect against WKS (double vision, drooping eyelids, loss of coordination)

38
Q

In chronic alcohol abuse, what must be monitored for?

A

acute withdrawal syndrome vs. alcohol dependence

39
Q

What is acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A

can be life-threatening

the major pharmacologic objective is to prevent Sz, delirium, and arrhythmias, as well as electrolyte, rebalance and thiamine therapy

Tx with Benzos

40
Q

What is alcohol dependence?

A

psychosocial therapy serves as the primary treatment for alcohol dependence

often depression or anxiety disorders coexist with alcoholism and therapeutic intervention for these other psychiatric problems decreases the rate of relapse

41
Q

What is Naltrexone and it’s use?

A

approved for tx of ETOH and opiate dependence

MOA: u-opioid receptor antagonist to reduce craving and relapse in ETOH dependence

Must be opioid-free prior to beginning otherwise may precipitate acute withdrawal syndrome

42
Q

What is Acamprosate?

A

weak NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA A receptor agonist

reduces long- and short-term relapse rates

43
Q

What is disulfiram?

A

MOA: irriversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase and causes extreme discomfort in pt’s who drink (makes them really sick with headache, n/v, etc)

should not be administered with any drug that contains alcohol (even mouthwashes, cough/cold meds)

Patients must be highly motivated

NMSP Exam 3 (21 decks)

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