Pharm: Alcohol/Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the biochemical steps in the metabolism of alcohol?

A

Alcohol –> acetaldehyde –> acetic acid –> CO2 + water and energy

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2
Q

Alcohol is metabolized via what type of kinetics?

A

Zero-order kinetics; rate remains constant and is independent of concentration or amount of chemical

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3
Q

Which drug can be used for methanol intoxication by blocking alcohol dehydrogenase and the conversion to formaldehyde?

A

Fomepizole

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4
Q

Which 4 drugs can be used in the tx of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

A
  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam
  • Oxazepam
  • Thiamine (vitamin B1)
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5
Q

What is the MOA of Naltrexone?

A
  • µ-opioid receptor antagonist (long-acting)
  • ↓ craving for alcohol and the rate of relapse to either drinking alcohol dependence for the short-term (12 weeks)
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6
Q

What is an important consideration before prescribing pt Naltrexone for tx of alcohol and opiate dependence?

A

Must be opioid-free before initiating therapy because naltrexone can precipitate an acute withdrawal syndrome

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7
Q

What is the MOA and use of Acamprosate?

A
  • Weak NMDA-receptor antagonist and GABAA receptor agonist
  • Reduces short-term and long-term relaspse rates (more than 6 months)
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8
Q

What is the MOA of Disulfiram?

A
  • Irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase leading to buildup of aldehyde
  • Causing extreme discomfort in pt’s who drink alcoholic beverages: flushing, throbing HA, N/V, sweating, hypotension, and confusion
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9
Q

What are the sx’s of withdrawl from amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine?

A

Apathy + irritability +sleep time + disorientation + depression

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10
Q

What are the sx’s of OD from amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine?

A

Agitation + HTN + Tachycardia + Delusions + Hallucinations + Hyperthermia

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11
Q

What are the sx’s of OD from heroin and other strong opioids?

A

Constricted pupils + clammy skin + nausea + drowsiness + respiratory depression + coma + death

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12
Q

What are the sx’s of withdrawl from barbiturates, benzo’s and ethanol?

A

Anxiety + insomnia + delirium + tremors + seizures + death

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13
Q

Which opioid receptor antagonist can be used in the acute setting of an OD?

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

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