Pharm - Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
compare tolerance, sensitization, and withdrawal
tolerance: decreased response to a drug, necessitating larger doses to achieve the same effects
sensitization: increased response with repetition of same dose of drug
withdrawal: adaptive changes that become fully apparent once drug exposure is terminated
list the criteria and examples for a schedule 1 drug
criteria: no medical use, high addiction potential
examples: heroin, LSD, MDMA, PCP, flunitrazepam
list the criteria and examples for a schedule 2 drug
criteria: medical use, high addiction potential
examples: amphetamines, cocaine, short acting barbiturates, strong opioids
list the criteria and examples for a schedule 3 drug
criteria: medical use, moderate abuse potential
examples: ketamine, moderate opioids, anabolic steroids, barbiturates, dronabinol
list the criteria and examples for a schedule 4 drug
criteria: medical use, low abuse potential
examples: benzos, most hypnotics, weak opioids, chloral hydrate
compare duration of symptoms between:
- alcohol
- tabacco
- marijuana
- inhalants
- stimulants
- depressants
- hallucinogens
- narcotics
- PCP
- alcohol: 1hr/serving
- tabacco: 20 mins
- marijuana: 2-4 hours
- inhalants: 5 mins-8 hrs
- stimulants: 5 mins-12 hrs
- depressants: 1-16 hrs
- hallucinogens: 5 mins-12 hrs
- narcotics: 4-24 hrs
- PCP: 4-6 hrs
compare “other” symptoms between:
- alcohol
- tabacco
- marijuana
- inhalants
- stimulants
- depressants
- hallucinogens
- narcotics
- PCP
- alcohol: odor on breath, slurred speech
- tabacco: odor on breath, stained fingers/clothes
- marijuana: red eyes, eyelid tremors, appetite
- inhalants: odor, nausea, HA, disoriented
- stimulants: jittery, talkative, runny nose
- depressants: drowsy, slurred speech
- hallucinogens: paranoia, memory loss
- narcotics: euphoria, sleepy
- PCP: confused, aggressive, sweaty
what are the overdose effects of amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine
- agitation
- HTN
- tachy
- delusions
- hallucinations
- hyperthermia
- seizures
- death
what are the withdrawal effects of amphetamines, methylphenidate, and cocaine
- apathy
- irritability
- increased sleep time
- disorientation
- depression
what are the overdose effects of barbiturates, benzos, and ethanol
- slurred speech
- drunken behavior
- dilated pupils
- weak and rapid pulse
- clammy skin
- shallow breathing
- coma, death
what are the withdrawal effects of barbiturates, benzos, and ethanol
- anxiety
- insomnia
- delirium
- tremors
- seizures
- death
what are the OD effects of heroine and other strong opioids
- constricted pupils
- clammy skin
- nausea
- drowsiness
- respiratory depression
- coma, death
what are the withdrawal effects of heroine and other strong opioids
- nausea
- chills
- cramps
- lacrimation (flow of tears)
- rhinorrhea
- yawning
- hyperpnea (increased depth and rate of breathing)
- tremor
what is used to treat nicotine addiction
- varenicline (chantix)
- nicorette
- nicoderm CQ
what opioid receptor antagonists are used to treat opioid dependence and addiction
- naloxone (narcan)
- naltrexone
what synthetic opioid is used to treat opioid dependence and addiction
methadone
what partial mu opioid receptor agonist is used to treat opioid dependence and addiction
buprenorphine
what NMDA receptor antagonist is used to treat alcohol dependence and addiction
acamprosate
long term effect of PCP use
may cause irreversible schizophrenia-like psychosis
long term effect of LSD use
may cause flashbacks of altered perception years after consumption
uses for caffeine other than improvement of mental alertness
- treating migraines
- preventing and treating headaches after epidural anesthesia
- asthma
- ADHD
- memory
what is considered a “drink” and what is excessive drinking
- 12 oz beer
- 8 oz malt liquor
- 5 oz wine
- 1.5 oz 80 proof
women: 8+/week
men: 15+/week
how long does it take to metabolize alcohol
one hour per 1 oz
describe the metabolism of alcohol
ethanol –(alcohol dehydrogenase)–> acetaldehyde –(acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase)–> acetate –> CO2, water, and energy
- extensive first pass metabolism
- zero-order kinetics
describe the ethanol and methanol biotransformation pathway
both are broken down by alcohol dehdyrogenase
- ethanol –> acetylaldehyde
- methanol –> formaldehyde
both are then broken down again by aldehyde dehydrogenase
- acetylaldehyde –> acetate
- formaldehyde –> formic acid
treatment/management for acute alcohol intoxication
- monitor respiratory depression and aspiration of vomit
- glucose to tx hypoglycemia and ketosis
- thiamine
treatment/management for acute alcohol withdrawal
- prevent seizures, delirium, arrhythmias
- benzos
treatment/management for alcohol dependence
- psychosocial therapy
drugs for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome
- diazepam
- lorazepam
- oxazepam
- thiamine
drugs for prevention of alcohol abuse
- acamprosate
- disulfiram
- naltrexone
drugs for treatment of acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
- ethanol
- fomepizole
MOA naltrexone
mu opioid receptor antagonist
MOA acamprosate
NMDA receptor antagonist and GABA-A receptor agonist
MOA disulfiram
irreversibly inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
