Clin - Psychotic Disorders Flashcards
when is the typical onset of schizophrenia
late adolescence and early adulthood
what are some precipitating events to schizophrenia
- psychosocial stressors
- traumatic events
- drug and alcohol abuse
what are some prodromal signs and symptoms for schizophrenia
few close friends as adolescent
minimal social activities
describe the genetic influence of schizophrenia
monozygotic twins: 40-50%
dizygotic twins: 10-15%
what is the association between schizophrenia and early life complications (ELCs)
ELCs increase risk for schizophrenia by 1.5-2x
in addition to mesolimbic brain areas, where else is dopamine dysregulation seen in schizophrenic patients
amygdala and prefrontal cortex
how are cortisol levels associated with schizophrenia
people with schizophrenia experience both heightened and decreased cortisol secretion
what are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized thinking (speech)
- grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
compare hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations
hypnagogic: occurring while falling asleep
hypnopompic: occurring while waking up
**NOT indicative of psychosis
what are types of disorganized thinking (speech)
- tangential
- derailment or loose associations
- incoherence or “word salad’
what is catatonic excitement
purposeless and excessive motor activity without obvious cause
what is negativism
resistance to instructions
what type of inappropriate or bizarre posture do schizophrenic patients show
waxy flexibility
what grossly disorganized motor behavior is seen in schizophrenic patients
- catatonic behavior
- catatonic excitement
- negativism
- inappropriate or bizarre posture (waxy flexibility)
- mutism and stupor
- repeated stereotyped movements
compare the diagnosis of schizophrenia between adults and children/adolescents
adults: most of the time after onset of sx the level of functioning is far below what it was prior to onset
children/adolescents: failure to achieve expected level of functioning
if the patient has a history of autism spectrum disorder or a communication disorder of childhood onset, how does this affect diagnosing schizophrenia
the diagnosis of schizophrenia is made only if there are prominent delusions or hallucinations for at least one month in addition to the other required sx of schizophrenia
which second-gen antipsychotic used for tx of schizophrenia is more commonly associated with agranulocytosis?
clozapine
other than medication what types of treatment can help schizophrenic patients
community treatment
- integrated behavioral medicine clinics
- residential living facilities
- care managers
self help programs
ECT
benzos for catatonic disorder
compare:
- schizoid
- schizotypal
- schizophrenia
- schizoaffective
schizoid: very introverted and voluntarily withdraws from social interactions
- schizotypal: schizoid sx + magical thinking and odd behavior
- schizophrenia: schizotypical + psychosis
- schizoaffective: schizophrenia + mood disorder
