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PBL Spring 2015 - Block 2 > PHARM Chapter 8 - Principles of Nervous System > Flashcards

PHARM Chapter 8 - Principles of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol

A

Modulate sympathetic nervous system - dilates bronchioles selectively

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2
Q

Metoprolol

A

Modulates sympathetic nervous system - selectively decreases heart rate and contractility

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3
Q

Bethanechol

A

Modulates parasympathetic nervous system - promotes GI and urinary tract motility

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4
Q

Atropine

A

Antagonist of parasympathetic activty - locally to dilate pupils or systemically to increase heart rate

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5
Q

Ipratropium

A

Antagonist of parasympathetic activity - dilates bronchioles

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6
Q

Pancuronium

A

Modulates somatic nervous system - antagonist of neuromuscular junction activity, induces paralysis during surgery

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7
Q

Edrophonium and Neostigmine

A

Modulates somatic nervous system - agonist of neuromuscular junction activity, used to diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis

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8
Q

What controls balance

A

vermis of cerebellum

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9
Q

Serotonergic neurons regulate

A

wakefulness and sleep

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter is released and what is its function in the substantia nigra (midbrain)

A

dopamine - enables intended movement, emotion, thought, emory storage

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is released and what is its function in the locus ceruleus (pons)

A

norepinephrine - vigiliance, responsiveness to unexpected stimuli

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter is released and what is its function in the raphe nuclei (medulla, pons, midbrain)

A

serotonin - perception of pain, mood, responsiveness of cortical neurons

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13
Q

What neurotransmitter is released and what is its function in the basal nucleus of meynert

A

ACh = altertness

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is released and what is its function in the Pedunculopontine nucleus

A

ACh = sleep-wake cycles

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15
Q

What neurotransmitter is released and what is its function in the Tuberomamillary nucleus (hypothalamus)

A

histamine = forebrain arousal

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16
Q

What neurotransmitters does the peripheral nervous system use

A

ACh + norepinephrine

17
Q

What neurotransmitters does the central nervous system use

A

ACh + norepinephrine + neuroactive peptides

18
Q

The two types of amino acid neurotransmitters are acidic which includes: __ and ___ for ___ and the neutral amino acids __ and ___ for ___

A

glutamate and aspartate = excitatory

GABA and glycine = inhibitory

19
Q

Primray excitatory neurotransmitter it accts on both ionotropic and metabotropic

A

glutamate

20
Q

Felbamate

A

treatment of refractory epilepsy, inhibits NMDA glutamate receptor

21
Q

Three categories of biogenic amines and what they are derived from

A

catecholamines = tyrosine
indoleamine serotonin = typtophan
histamine = hstidine

22
Q

How does tyrosine form dopamine

A

Tyrosine is oxidized to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)

L-DOPA is then decarboxylated to dopamine in cytoplasm and stored in synaptic vesicles

23
Q

In noradrenergic neurons, dopamine is converted to ___ in the synaptic vesicles via ___

In adrenal medulla this can be methylated to ___ in ____

A

norepinephrine
dopamine B-hydroxylase

epinephrine

24
Q

Clonidine

A

partial agonist that acts on presynaptic alpha-2-receptors

25
Q

tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs)

A

increases synaptic concentration of norepinephrine by blocking reuptake

26
Q

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

increase intracellular pool of norepinephrine available for synatpic release by inhibiting chemical degrdation

27
Q

another name for serotonin

A

5-hydroxytryptamine

28
Q

how is 5-ht formed from tryptophan

A

enzymatic oxidation at 5 position followed by decarboxylation

29
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

act more selectively on serotonin to treat depression

30
Q

opioid peptide family is for pain sensation includes

A

enkephalins
dyorphins
endorphins

31
Q

aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase)

A

metabolizes peripheral L-DOPA to dopamine which cant cross BBB

32
Q

carbidopa

A

inhibitor of DOPA decarboxylase to ensure L-DOPA is not metabolized to dopamine before BBB

33
Q

Barbiturates and benzodiasepines

A

hypnotics and sedatives that potentiate action of inhibitor neurotransmitters in cortex

34
Q

General anesthetics work on what part of brain

A

cerebral cortex

35
Q

Levodopa

A

acts on striatum to ameliorate clinical manifestations of the disease

36
Q

clonidine

A

mediated by action at receptors in hypothalamus for antihypertensive effect

PBL Spring 2015 - Block 2 (11 decks)

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