Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PBL Spring 2015 - Block 2 > PHARM Chapter 26 - Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

PHARM Chapter 26 - Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

3 Drugs for Growth hormone and insulin like growth factor replacement

A

Somatorpin (GH)/Somatrem
Semorelin (GRRH)/Tesamorelin
Mecasermine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ME of Growth Hormone and Insulin LIke Growth Factor Replacement

A

stimulate release of or replace growth hormone or insulin like growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Use of Somatorpin (GH) and Somatrem

A

Growth failure in children w/ GH deficiency
Turners syndrom
Prader Willi syndrome
Chronic kidney disease
Idiopathic short stature
Replacement of endogenous GH in adults w/ GH deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Use of Sermorelin (GHRH) and Tesamorelin

A 
Diagnostic evaluation of decreased plasma growth hormone (sermorelin)
HIV lipodystrophy (tesamorelin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Use of Mecasermin

A

Laron dwarfism, DH deficiency w/ neutralizing antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Contraindication for Growth Hormone and Insulin-like growth replacement

A

active malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Recombinant IGF-1

A

mecasermin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why does IGF-1 serve as better measurement

A

bound and stable in the circulation for longer peroids of time at steady concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endogenous biological inputs that promote GH release include

A

GHRH, sex steroids, dopamine, ghrelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ghrelin acts w/ ___ to prommote GH release

A

GHRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common cause of GH deficiency

A

defective hypothalamic release of GHRH, pituitary insufficiency, failure of IGF-1 secretion in response to GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alternative exogenous agents used to stimulate GH release

A

glucagon, arginine, clonide, and insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main treatment for growth hormone excess

A

somatostatin receptor ligands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 agnts that decrease growth horone secretion or action

A

Octreotide and pegvisomant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ME of octreotide and pegvisomant

A

inhibit GH release (octreotide)

antagonize GH receptor (pegvisomant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Uses of Octreotide

A

acromegaly
able to control GI bleeding and reduce secretory diarrhea
flushing and diarrhea from carcinoid tumors
carcinoid crisis
diarrhea from vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors
TSH producing adenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Uses of pegvisomant

A

acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contraindication for pegvisomant

A

known malignancy, pt. should have yearly MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Works on lactotrophs to physiologically inhibit prolactin release

A

dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

2 dopamine analogues

A

bromocriptine

cabergoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GH analogue modified at one site to bind to GH w/ higher affinity than native model, preventing receptor dimerization required for subsequent receptor activation

A

Pegvisomant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are lactotrophs unlike other cells of anterior pituitary

A

under tonic inhibition by the hypothalamus, mediated by dopamine - therefore in disease states, while other hormones will be decreased, prolactin will increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What stimulates lactotrophs to secrete increasing quantities of prolactin

A

estrogen - although prolactin negatively feedbacks to suppress estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does prolactin negatively feedback to suppress estrogen

A

antagonizes hypothalamic release of GnRH and by decreasing gonadotroph sensitivity to GNRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Agents that decrease prolactin levels

A

bromocriptine

cabergoline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Uses of bromocriptine

A

amenorrhea and galactorrhea from hyperprolactinemia
acromegaly
Parkinson’s
Premenstrual syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Uses of cabergoline

A

hyperprolactinemia

28
Q

Benefit to using cabergoline over bromocriptine

A

produces less nausea due to weekly or bi-weekly dosing interval and less frequent GI adverse effects

29
Q

Ergot alkaloid

A

Bromocriptine

30
Q

How can GI side effects be reduced in bromocriptine

A

intravaginal administration

31
Q

Agents that Test thyroid function or stimulate iodide uptake

A

Protirelin

Thyrotropin

32
Q

Uses of protirelin

A

diagnosis of thyroid function

33
Q

uses of thyrotropin

A

adjunctive treatment of malignant tumor of thyroid gland

34
Q

Contraindications for thyrotropin

A

adrenal insufficiency

coronary thrombosis

35
Q

SE of protirelin

A 
amaurosis fugax (in pt. w/ pituitary tumors)
seizures
36
Q

SE of thyrotropin

A

anaphylactoid reaction w/ repeated administration

nausea, vomiting, asthenia, headache

37
Q

Used to stimlate radioactive iodide uptake in treatment of thyroid cancer

A

Thyrotropin

38
Q

What is the main test used in screening for primary thyroid disease

A

serum TSH

39
Q

Agent that test adrenal function

A

cosyntropin (ACTH 1-24)

40
Q

ME of cosyntropin

A

stimulates adrenal cortisol and androgen production

41
Q

Uses of cosyntropin

A

diagnosis of adrenocortical function

42
Q

POMC is split into

A

POMC, MSH, lipotropin, and B-endorphin

43
Q

ACTH has a trophic effect on the

A

zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex

44
Q

ME of Gonadorelin (GnRH analogue)

A

COntinuous form: inhibits LH and FSH release

Pulsatile: stimulates LH and FSH release

45
Q

Uses of Gonadoreline

A

Diagnosis of hypogonadism, stimulates ovulation

46
Q

Multiple applications of GOnadoreline

A

anaphylaxis

47
Q 
ME of 
goserelin
histrelin
leuprolide
nafarelin
A

Continous: inhibit LH and FSH release
Pulsatile: stimulates LH and FSH release

48
Q

Uses for Goserelin
Histrelin
Leuprolide
Nafarelin

A 
breast cancer
prostate cancer
endometriosis
precocious puberty
acute intermittent porphyria
49
Q

SE of leuprolide

A

pituitary apoplexy

50
Q

ME of ganirelix and cetrorelix

A

GnRH receptor antagonist

51
Q

Uses of ganirelix and cetrorelix

A

inhibition of premature LH surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

52
Q

SE of ganirelix and cetrorelix

A

ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder, spontaneous abortion (Ganirelix) and anaphylaxis (cetrolix)

53
Q

ME of Follitropin (rFSH) and Urofollitropin (FSH)

A

Stimulate gonadal maturation and steroid production

54
Q

Uses of rFSH and FSH

A

ovulation induction

male hypogonadotropic hyogonadism

55
Q

ME of conivaptan and tolvaptan

A

Mixed V1/V2 receptor antagonists

56
Q

Uses of conivaptan and tolvaptan

A 
Euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremmia
Heart failure (tolvaptan)
57
Q

Conivaptan is a ___ substrate

A

P450-3A4 substrate, contraindicated w/ other P450-3A4 drugs (clarithromycin and indinavir)

58
Q

Tolvaptan is ___ antagonist

A

Vasopressin V2 receptor

59
Q

inhibitin is produced in ___ and effects ___ secretion

A

gonads, GSH

60
Q

activiin

A

paracrine factor produced and acts locally in pituitary and gonads to stimulate FSH

61
Q

V2 receptors

A

located in nephron, stimulate cell surface expression of water channels in order to increase water reabsorption

62
Q

ADH maintains vascular tone by

A

increasing blood pressure and increasing water reabsorption

63
Q

Disruption of ADH can lead to

A

SIADH or diabetes inspidus

64
Q

Demeclocylcine and ltihium

A

tetracycline antibiotic can treat SIADH

65
Q

Administration of ADH analogue ____ results in stimulation of V2 receptors in neurogenic diabetes inspidus

A

desmopressin

66
Q

Patients w/ diabetes inspidus can be treated with diuretics such as

A

amiloride or hydrochlorothiazide - prevents excessive loss of free water - induce volume contracted state to promote enhanced absorption of wtaer

PBL Spring 2015 - Block 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions