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PBL Spring 2015 - Block 2 > NEURO 10 > Flashcards

NEURO 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are face and hand areas of sensorimotor homunculi located

A

lateral convexities of cerebral cortex

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2
Q

Where are leg areasass of sensorimotor humunculi located

A

interhemispheric fisure

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3
Q

Where is Broca’s area

A

dominant (left) hemisphere in inferior frontal gyrus

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4
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area

A

Superior temporal gyrus adjacent to primary auditory cortex

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5
Q

What is important for attention to CL body and space

A

association cortex in nondominant (right) hemisphere (mainly parietal lobe)

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6
Q

Primary visual cortex for CL visual hemifield lies where

A

calcarine fissure of occipital lobe

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7
Q

optic radiations pass under __ and ___ which can be damaged with infarcts

A

parietal and temporal cortex

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8
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries arise from

A

subclavian arteries

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9
Q

anterior cerebral arteries anastomose to form

A

anterior communicating artery

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10
Q

how are anterior and posterior circulations linked

A

posterior communicating arteries

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11
Q

Branches of supraclinoid (intracranial) segment of internal carotid

A 
OPAAM
Opthalmic 
Posterior communicating 
Anterior choroidal
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral arteries
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12
Q

Segments of internal carotid

A

cervical through temporal bone to become petrous, begins S shaped turn (carotid siphon) turning into cavernous segment before beinding posterorly to enter subarachnoid space as supraclinoid segment

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13
Q

What supplies deep structures of brain

A

small penetrating branches from initial segments of main cerebral arteries near circle of WIllis

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14
Q

Anterior cerebral artery located where in brain

A

travels in interhemispheric fissure, sweeps back over corpus callosum

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15
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supplies what

A

most of cortex on anterior medial surface of brain

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16
Q

Middle cerebral artery located where

A

Sylvian fissure

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17
Q

What does middle cerebral artery bifurcate into

A

superior and inferior divsion

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18
Q

what does superior division of middle cerebral artery supply

A

cortex above sylvian fissure, lateral frontal lobe, peri-Rolandic cortex

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19
Q

inferior division of middle cerebral artery supplies

A

cortex below syvian fissure, lateral temporal lobe, part of parietal lobe

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20
Q

Posterior cerebral artery supplies

A

inferior and medial temporal and occipital cortex

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21
Q

most important penetrating vessels at base of brain

A

lentriculostriate arteries, part of middle cerebral artery, prone to narrowing in hypertension

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22
Q

Anterior choroidal artery supplies

A

globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, posterior limb of internal capsule (motor pathways)

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23
Q

Recurrent artery of Heubner

A

comes off initial portion of anterior cerebral artery to supply head of caudate, anterior putamen, globus pallidus, and internal capsule

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24
Q

Left MCA superior division infarct
Affected territory
Deficit

A

Left anterior temporal lobe
R face/arm weakness UMN
Broca’s aphasia

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25
Q

Left MCA inferior division infarct

A

Left inferior temporal lobe
Wernicke’s aphasia
R. visual deficit
R face and arm cortical type sensory loss

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26
Q

Left MCA deep territory

A

Left internal temporal lobe

R pure motor hemiparesis UMN

27
Q

Left MCA stem

A

entire temproal lobe on left
R hemiplegia, hemianestheia, homonymous hemianopia, global aphasia

L gaze preference

28
Q

Right MCA superior division infarct
Affected territory
deficit

A

Right superior tempora lobe

L face and arm weakness UMN

29
Q

Right MCA inferior division infarct

A

Inferior termporal lobe on R

L hemineglect, visual field and somatosensory deficits, right gaze preference

30
Q

Right MCA deep territory infarct

A

Internal R temporal lobe

L pure motore hemiparesis of UMN, L hemineglect

31
Q

R MCA stem infarct

A

entire R temporal lobe

L hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, homonymous hemianopia, hemineglect, right gaze preference

32
Q

L ACA infarct

A

R leg weakness UMN, cortical type sesnory loss

33
Q

R ACA infarct

A

L leg weakness UMN, cortical type sensory loss

34
Q

L PCA infarct

A

R homonymous hemianopia

35
Q

R PCA infarct

A

L homonymous hemianopia

36
Q

alien hand syndrome

A

ACA infarct can damage supplementary motor areas

37
Q

Watershed infarcts produce what symptom

A

proximal arm and leg weakness (man in barrel syndrome)

38
Q

Watershed infarrct in dominant hemisphere cause

A

transcortical aphasia

39
Q

MCA PCA watershed infarct can cause disturbances of

A

higher order visual processing

40
Q

most common cause of transient loss of consciousness

A

syncope, vasovagal transient episodes of hyptension, arrhythmias, non-neurologic causes

41
Q

dofference between embolic and thrombotic infarcts

A

occur suddenly, maximal deficits at onset

stuttering course

42
Q

large vessel infarcts

A

major blood vessels such as the mca, usually caused by emboli

43
Q

small vessel infarcts

A

affects basal ganglia, thalamus and internal capsule, midbrain, bons, medulla

also called lacunar infarcts

44
Q

Pure motor hemiparesis (dysarthria hemiparesis)
Clinical features
location of infarct

A

Unilateral face, arm, leg UMN weakness w/ dysarthria

Posterior limb of internal capsule, ventral pons, corona radiata, cerebral peduncle

45
Q

Ataxic hemiparesis
Clinical features
location of infarct

A

Unilateral face, arm, leg UMN weakness, ataxia

Posterior limb of internal capsule, ventral pons, corona radiata, cerebral peduncle

46
Q

Pure sensory stroke (thalamic lacunae)
Clinical features
Locations

A

sensory loss to CL face and body

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus

47
Q

Sensorimotor stroke (thalamocapsular lacunae)
Clinical features
Locations

A

Sensory loss to CL face and body, unilateral face, arm, leg UMN weakness

Posterior limb of internal capsule

48
Q

Basal ganglia lacunae
Clinical features
Locations

A

Asymptomatic or causes hemiballismus

Caudate, putamen, globus pallidus or subthalamic nucleus

49
Q

Proteinaceous emboli found in what disease

A

marantic endocarditis

50
Q

What emboli found in cervical trauma

A

disc emboli

51
Q

cortical signs

A

aphasia, neglect, homoymous visual field defects, cortical sensory loss

52
Q

Subcortical lesion symptom

A

pure motor hemiparesis

53
Q

stroke risk factors

A

hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cigareete smoking, family hisotry, vascular disease, afib, patent foramen ovale, decreased ejection fraction

54
Q

what has to be done before patient can get tPA

A

CT to rule out hemorrhage

55
Q

Time frame for tPA administration after stroke

A

preferably under 3 horus

56
Q

contradindications to tPA administration

A

evidence/history of intracranial hemorrhage, AVM, anerysm, internal bleeding, abnormal platelet or coag studies, uncontrolled hypertension

57
Q

what is given to stroke patients who cant have tPA

A

aspirin

58
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

IL monocular visual loss

59
Q

Carotid dissection symptoms

A

turbulent sound w/ each heartbeat, IL Horner’s syndrome

60
Q

Vertebral dissection

A

posterior neck and occipital pain

61
Q

which cranial nerves pass through cavernous sinus

A

III, IV, V1, V2, VI

62
Q

Common causes of sagittal sinus thrombosis

A

hypercoaguable states, pregnancies and postpartum

63
Q

symptoms of sagittal sinus thrombosis

A

headaches, papilledema, seizures, depressed consciousness

64
Q

Empty delta sign

A

indicative of sagittal sinus thrombosis, central darker filled defect filled w/ IV contrast in sinus

PBL Spring 2015 - Block 2 (11 decks)

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