NEURO 17

Question 1

Medial Preoptic Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 1

GnRH (preoptic)

Question 2

Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 2

oxytocin (anterior)

Question 3

Supraoptic Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 3

ADH (anterior)

Question 4

Anterior Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 4

Cools, parasympathetic, lesions cause insomnia (anterior)

Question 5

Suprachiasmatic Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 5

Masterclock (anterior)

Question 6

Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 6

GI tract, savage and obesity w/ stimulation (middle)

Question 7

Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 7

Satiety, savage and obesity w/ destruction (middle)

Question 8

Arcuate Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 8

Releasing hormones for anterior pituitary (middle)

Question 9

Posterior Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 9

Heats, sympathetics, lesions cause hypersomnia (posterior)

Question 10

Lateral Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 10

Hungry destruction results in starvation, causes decrease in weight and food and water intake (posterior)

Question 11

Mammillary Hypothalamic Nuclei

Answer 11

Lesions cause Wernike’s (posterior)

Question 12

Poikilothermia

Answer 12

Temperature varies w/ environment, caused w/ bilateral lesions to Posterior Hypothalamic Nuclei

Question 13

Posterior portion of hypothalamus

Answer 13

Mammillary bodies

Question 14

Bulge between optic chiasm and mammilary bodies

Answer 14

Tuber cinereum (gray protuberance)

Question 15

Pituitary fossa bounded by ___ which form ____

Answer 15

Anterior and posterior clinoid processes = sella turcica

Question 16

4 major regions of hypothalamic nuclei

Answer 16

Preoptic
Anterior (supraoptic)
Middle (tuberal)
Posterior (mammillary)

Question 17

Hippocampal formation projects to mammillary bodies via the

Answer 17

fornix

Question 18

Mammillary bodies project via the ___ tract to _____

Answer 18

mammillothalamic tract

anterior thalamic nucleus

Question 19

Anterior thalamic nucleus projects to limbic cortex in _____

Answer 19

cingulate gyrus

Question 20

Amygdala has reciprocal connections w/ hypothalamus via ____ and ____

Answer 20

stria terminalis

ventral amydalofugal pathway

Question 21

Hypothalamic releasing factors for ACTH

Answer 21

CRH, vasopressin

Question 22

Hypothalamic releasing factors for TSH

Answer 22

TRH

Question 23

Hypothalamic inhibitory factors for TSH

Answer 23

GIH, somatostatin

Question 24

Hypothalamic Releasing factors for GH

Answer 24

GHRH, ghrelin

Question 25

Hypothalamic Inhibitory factors for GH

Answer 25

GIH, somatostaatin

Question 26

Hypothalmic releasing factors for Prolactin

Answer 26

TRH, PRF

Question 27

Hypothalamic inhibitory factor for Prolactin

Answer 27

dopamine, PIF

Question 28

very low ACTH levels suggest

Answer 28

adrenal source of corticol secretion

Question 29

Test used for ACTH secreting adenomas

Answer 29

Dexamethasone suppression test

Question 30

Cushings syndrome vs. disease

Answer 30

glucocorticoid excess v. ACTH secreting adenoma

Question 31

Diabetes vs. SIADH symptoms

Answer 31

polyuria, polydipsia

lethargy, coma, seizures

Question 32

Hormone probz diabetes vs. SIADH

Answer 32

deficiency of ADH (neurogenic) or insensitivity of kidneys to ADH (nephrogenic)

excess ADH

Question 33

Diagnostic test diabetes vs. SIADH

Answer 33

low urine osmolality, increased plasma osmolality dose of subcuatenous vasopressine, positive if rise in urine osmolality
low sodium w/ elevated urine osmolality