Pharm Chapter 30 - Hormones

Question 1

What are the hormones associated with the reproductive system?

Answer 1

Males - Androgens (testosterone)

Females - estrogens and progestins

Question 2

What are the function of reproductive hormones

Answer 2

1) To control reproduction

2) To control secondary sexual characteristics

Question 3

Where are the male hormone production locations?

Answer 3

Testes - testosterone

Adrenal cortex - estrogen

Question 4

What two pituitary gonadotropins regulate male hormone production?

Answer 4

LH and FSH

Question 5

LH

Answer 5

Luteinizing hormone

Question 6

FSH

Answer 6

Follicular stimulating hormone

Question 7

Male characteristics caused by testosterone

Answer 7

body hair, increased skeletal mass, voice change

Question 8

What do LH and FSH regular

Answer 8

sperm production and growth/maturation

Question 9

Name the pharmacological uses of Androgens

Answer 9

Replacement therapy
Catabolic states
Delayed puberty
Breast cancer
Anemia
Hereditary angioedema

Question 10

Androgen functions

Answer 10

(1) to control reproduction

(2) to control secondary sex characteristics

Question 11

Name some oral androgen agents

Answer 11

Methyltestosterone
Fluoxymesterone
Oxandrolone
Oxymetholone
Stanozolol

Question 12

Name 2 transdermal androgen agents

Answer 12

Testosterone gel, Androderm patch

Question 13

Name 3 intramuscular androgens

Answer 13

Testex
Delatest
Depotestosteron

Question 14

Androgenic effects

Answer 14

Mimic male sex characteristics

Question 15

Anabolic effects

Answer 15

Enhances tissue metabolism

Question 16

Adverse effects of androgens

Answer 16

Increased hair growth, hoarseness of voice, acne, irregular menses, bladder irritation

Question 17

Antiandrogens

Answer 17

MOA: Block production of endogenous testosterone
Examples: Finasteride and dutasteride, Flutamide, bicalutamide

Question 18

Androgen abuse consequences

Answer 18

Hepatic cancer, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, lipid effects, stroke, heart attack, mood swings (aggression), violent episodes, necrosis of bone plates, and infertility

Question 19

Pharmacological Uses of Estrogen & Progesterone

Answer 19

1. Replacement therapy
2. Hypogonadism
3. Failure of ovarian development
4. Menstrual irregularities and cramping
5. Endometriosis
6. Carcinoma

Question 20

Common Estrogens

Answer 20

Estradiol (vivelle-Dot, Estraderm), Ethinyl Estradiol, Conjusgated estrogens (Permarin)

Question 21

Common Progestins

Answer 21

Levonorgestrel
Medroxyprogesterone (Provera)
Progesterone (Prometrium)
Megestrol (Megace)

Question 22

Adverse effects of female Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Answer 22

1. Cardiovascular disease are risk factors for use of estrogen (MI, stroke, VTE…)
2. Clotting is issue with progesterone (PR, etc.)
3. Hypertension due to water and salt retention

Question 23

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS)

Answer 23

activate bone and vasculature, inhibit uterine and breast tissue, BUT maintain bone mass

Question 24

Antiestrogens

Answer 24

treat infertility and some estrogen dependent breast cancers

Question 25

Antiprogestins

Answer 25

morning after pill, degrade placental lining thus induce spontaneous abortion

Question 26

Contraceptives MOA

Answer 26

1. Inhibition of ovulation- negative feedback reduces LH secretion
2. Impairment of normal uterine endometrium- reduction of endogenous estrogen and progestin

Question 27

Common side effects of contraceptives

Answer 27

1. Nausea
2. Breast tenderness/fullness
3. Bloating
4. Weight gain
5. Elevated Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
6. Headache
7. Fatigue
8. Changes in mood
9. Blood Clotting

Question 28

Serious Side effects of contraceptives

Answer 28

Heart attack, stroke, DVT, Pulmonary embolism

Question 29

When does risk increase for clotting disorders?

Answer 29

increase with age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, immobility, and obesity