Pharm Chapter 30 - Hormones Flashcards
What are the hormones associated with the reproductive system?
Males - Androgens (testosterone)
Females - estrogens and progestins
What are the function of reproductive hormones
1) To control reproduction
2) To control secondary sexual characteristics
Where are the male hormone production locations?
Testes - testosterone
Adrenal cortex - estrogen
What two pituitary gonadotropins regulate male hormone production?
LH and FSH
LH
Luteinizing hormone
FSH
Follicular stimulating hormone
Male characteristics caused by testosterone
body hair, increased skeletal mass, voice change
What do LH and FSH regular
sperm production and growth/maturation
Name the pharmacological uses of Androgens
Replacement therapy Catabolic states Delayed puberty Breast cancer Anemia Hereditary angioedema
Androgen functions
(1) to control reproduction
(2) to control secondary sex characteristics
Name some oral androgen agents
Methyltestosterone Fluoxymesterone Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Stanozolol
Name 2 transdermal androgen agents
Testosterone gel, Androderm patch
Name 3 intramuscular androgens
Testex
Delatest
Depotestosteron
Androgenic effects
Mimic male sex characteristics
Anabolic effects
Enhances tissue metabolism
Adverse effects of androgens
Increased hair growth, hoarseness of voice, acne, irregular menses, bladder irritation
Antiandrogens
MOA: Block production of endogenous testosterone
Examples: Finasteride and dutasteride, Flutamide, bicalutamide
Androgen abuse consequences
Hepatic cancer, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, lipid effects, stroke, heart attack, mood swings (aggression), violent episodes, necrosis of bone plates, and infertility
Pharmacological Uses of Estrogen & Progesterone
- Replacement therapy
- Hypogonadism
- Failure of ovarian development
- Menstrual irregularities and cramping
- Endometriosis
- Carcinoma
Common Estrogens
Estradiol (vivelle-Dot, Estraderm), Ethinyl Estradiol, Conjusgated estrogens (Permarin)
Common Progestins
Levonorgestrel
Medroxyprogesterone (Provera)
Progesterone (Prometrium)
Megestrol (Megace)
Adverse effects of female Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Cardiovascular disease are risk factors for use of estrogen (MI, stroke, VTE…)
- Clotting is issue with progesterone (PR, etc.)
- Hypertension due to water and salt retention
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMS)
activate bone and vasculature, inhibit uterine and breast tissue, BUT maintain bone mass
Antiestrogens
treat infertility and some estrogen dependent breast cancers
Antiprogestins
morning after pill, degrade placental lining thus induce spontaneous abortion
Contraceptives MOA
- Inhibition of ovulation- negative feedback reduces LH secretion
- Impairment of normal uterine endometrium- reduction of endogenous estrogen and progestin
Common side effects of contraceptives
- Nausea
- Breast tenderness/fullness
- Bloating
- Weight gain
- Elevated Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Changes in mood
- Blood Clotting
Serious Side effects of contraceptives
Heart attack, stroke, DVT, Pulmonary embolism
When does risk increase for clotting disorders?
increase with age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, immobility, and obesity
