Pharm Chapter 20 - Andrenergic Drugs

Question 1

adrenergic system consist of two main receptor types?

Answer 1

Alpha and Beta

Question 2

Main neurotransmitter of the adrenergic system?

Answer 2

norepinephrine

Question 3

Alpha 1 receptors agonists

Answer 3

bind to smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction
Treat Hypotension
AE: elevated BP,tachycardia, and syncope
Examples: doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, phentolamine

Question 4

Alpha 1 receptor antagonists

Answer 4

cause vasodilation
Treat hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Examples: doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, phentolamine

Question 5

Alpha 2 receptors agonists

Answer 5

Treat both hypertension & spasticity
Work mostly in brain, spinal cord and in the eye to decrease intraocular pressure
AE: hypotension, low BP and dizziness
Examples: Clonidine & Tizanidine

Question 6

Alpha 2 receptor antagonists

Answer 6

not used in clinical practice and there are currently no drugs on the market

Question 7

Beta 1 receptors agonists

Answer 7

located mostly on the myocardium
Can cause increase in both BP and HR
Drugs are only used in the short term
AE: inc HR, chest pain, and rarely cardiac arrhythmias
Examples: Dobutamine, Dopamine

Question 8

Beta 1 receptors antagonists (beta blockers)

Answer 8

used to decrease cardiac contractility and rate of contraction.

Question 9

Beta2 receptors agonists

Answer 9

located primarily on bronchial tissues and rugs that agnosist these receptors are given to patients with breathing issues such as asthma and COPD
Examples: Albuterol, Formoterol
AE: Inc HR and anxiety

Question 10

Beta 2 receptor antagonists

Answer 10

by themselves are not available, rather beta2 receptors are antagonized with non-selective beta blockers
Examples: propranolol

Question 11

Non-selective beta blockers

Answer 11

should be avoided in patients with asthma, so as to not exacerbate their condition.
Examples: labetalol and carvedilol

Question 12

Drugs with Alpha and Beta Agonistic Activity

Answer 12

Most of the drugs are used in acute issue such as shock, low BP, or anaphylaxis.
Cause:increase in heart rate, blood pressure, (some) increase bronchial relaxation (such as epinephrine).
Example: amphetamines, which are given in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)