Pharm antidotes Flashcards
acetaminophen
N-acetylcystine (replenishes glutathione)
salicylates
NaHCO3 (alk urine)
amphetamines
NH4Cl (acidify urine)
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
atropine, pralidoxine
organophosphates
atropine, pralidoxine
antimuscarinic
physostigmine
anticholinergic agents
physostigmine
beta blockers
glucagon, atropine, calcium
digitalis
normalize K, lidocaine, anti-dig Fab, Mg
Iron
deferoxamine, deferasirox
lead
CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
mercury, arsenic, gold
dimercaprol
copper, arsenic, gold
penicillamine
cyanide (can get from sodium nitroprusside)
nitrite + thiosulfate
methemoglobin
methylene blue, vit c
carbon monoxide
hyperbaric O2
methanol
fomepizole > ethanol
ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
fomepizole > ethanol
opioids
naloxone, naltrexone
benzodiazapine
flumazenil
TCAs
NaHCO3 (alk plasma)
Heparin
protamine
warfarin
vit K, FFP
tPA
aminocaprioic acid
streptokinase
amniocaprioic acid
theophylline
beta blocker
inhance cyp450 pathway
rifampin, phenytoin, phenobarbitol
inhibit cyp450 pathway
cimetidine, amiodarone, isoniazid, ritonavir
prolong QT
macrolides, haloperidol, chloroquine, protease inhibitors
torsades de pointes
class III (sotalol), class IA (quinidine) antiarthymics
Hemolysis in G6PD patients
isoniazid, sulfonamides, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantion, dapsone, fava beans
pulmonary fibrosis
bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan
gynecomastia
spirinolactone, digitalis, cimetidine, chronic alcohol, ketokonazole
hypergylcemia
niacin, tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, HCTZ, corticosteriods
hypothyroidism (fine hair)
lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides
gout
furosemide, thiazides, niacin, cylcosporin,
photosensitivity
sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracylcines
SLE-like syndrome
hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin
acebutolol to metroprolol
selective b1 antagonist
propranolol to timolol
non selective antagonists
CHF 1st line
loops
HTN 1st line
thiazides
alpha 1 action
vascular smooth muscle contraction , mydriasis, urinary retention
alpha 2 action
dec sympathetics, dec insulin, lipolysis (inhibitor)
beta 1 action
inc heart rate and contractility
beta 2 action
vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, dec uterine tone
M1 action
parasympathetic to enteric ns
M2 action
dec HR and contractility at SA node
M3 action
inc urination, bronchoconstriction, miosis (only innervated by M receptors - atropine like drugs), accommodation
D1 action
relaxes renal vascular sm
D2 action
modulates NT release in the brain (dopamine)
H1 action
inc nasal and bronchial mucus production, pruritus, pain
H2 action
inc gastric acid secretion
V1 action
inc vascular smooth muscle contraction
V2 action
inc water reabsorption in the collecting tubule
Gq action
phospholipase C, IP3 & Ca smooth muscle
phospholipase C, DAG & protein kinase C
qC’s HAV 1 M&M
Gs
adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, protein kinase A, in Ca HEART
inhibits smooth muscle
Gi
inhibits adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, protein kinase A
inhibits sympathetics
MAD 2
cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (organophosphates - isoflurophate, parathion)
DUMBBELSS
diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle, lacrimation, sweating, salivation
Atropine toxicity
Hot, Dry, Red, Blind, Mad
hyperpyrexia, dry mouth, urinary retention, flushing, cyclopegia, mydriasis, delirium