Boards Flashcards
1
Q
retinol/beta carotine
A
Vit A
2
Q
Def: bitot spots, night blindness, dry skin, corneal ulceration
A
Vit A
3
Q
Vit Teratogens
A
Vit A - cleft palate, cardiac defects
4
Q
Thiamine
A
Vit B1
5
Q
TPP (thiamine) is a cofactor for what rxns
A
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle), alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle), Transketoase (hmp shunt), branche chain AA dehydrogenase
6
Q
Wernicke-korsakoff, beriberi (wet- cardiac, dry - footdrop symmetrical muscle waisting) - brain and heart affected first. Seen in malnutrition and alcoholics
A
vit b1 def
7
Q
Sxs: confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia (triad) + confabulation, personality change, memory loss (irreversible)
A
Wernicke-korsakoff
8
Q
riboflavin
A
Vit B2
9
Q
cofactor in oxidation and reduction
A
Vit B2 - riboflavin is a cofactor for FAD, FMN
10
Q
cheilosis (agranular stomatitis - lip inflammation, scaling, fissures at corners of mouth), glossitis
A
Vit B2
11
Q
niacin
A
Vit B3
12
Q
constituant of NAD, NADPH - used in redox rxns. Derived from tryptophan.
A
Vit B3
13
Q
Def: pallegra - diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis
A
Vit B3 (the 3 Ds)
14
Q
Excess: facial flushing
A
Vit B3 - Niacin
15
Q
pantothenate
A
Vit B5
16
Q
pyridoxine
A
Vit B6
17
Q
Def: convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, inducible by isoniazid
A
Vit B6
18
Q
biotin
A
vit b7
19
Q
cofactor for carboxylation enzymes
A
vit b7 - biotin
20
Q
folic acid
A
vit b9
21
Q
converted to tetrahydrofolate, def in alcoholics and pregnancy
A
vit b9 - folate
22
Q
cobalmin
A
vit b12
23
Q
megaloblastic anemia + neuro problems
A
vit b12
24
Q
ascorbic acid
A
vit c
25
needed for proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
vit c
26
swollen gums, hemarthrosis, poor wound healing
scurvy - vit c def
27
hypocalcemia, frontal bossing, rachitic rosary, pigeon chest, bone pain
rickets - vit d def
28
femoral neck and vertebral body fractures, bone pain, muscle weakness,
ostemalacia - vit d def adults
29
alpha tocopherol
vit e
30
def: inc fragility of rbcs, spinocerabellar tract demyelination (ataxia)
vit e
31
vit k def coags
10, 9, 7, 2, C, S. Babies need vit k - not in breast milk
32
def: delayed wound healing, acrodermatitis enteropathica (rash around eyes, mouth and anus), growth retardation, dec night vision, infertility
zinc def
33
Phenylalanine derivative
tyrosine, dopamine, NE, Epi
34
Tryptophan derivative
Niacin, seratonin ->melatonin
35
histadine derivative
histamine
36
gylcine derivative
porphyrine, heme
37
arginine derivative
creatine, urea, NO
38
glutamate derivative
GABA, Glutathione
39
macrophages filled with fungus, infiltrative granuloma, mississippi and ohio river valley, bird or bat droppings, pneumonia
histoplasmosis
40
east of mississippi, granulomatous nodules, broad based bud, heaped up boarders with microabscesses, skin lesions , inflammatory lung disease
blastomycosis
41
southwestern US (Cali, AZ) pneumonia and meningitis, spores in dust, spherules filled with endospores, barrel shaped, valley fever, desert bumps
coccidiodomycosis
42
latin america, budding yeast with captains wheel
paracoccidiodomycosis
43
elderly females, unilateral headache, jaw claudication
temporal arteritis
44
may lead to irreversible blindness, inc ESR
temporal arteritis
45
pulseless disease, asian females less than 40, weak upper extremity pulses, granulomatous thickening of aortic arch
takayasu arteritis
46
young adults, assoc with Hep B, relapsing and remitting, renal and visceral vessels, not pulmonary arteries, immune complex mediates, fibrinoid necrosis
polyarteritis nodosa
47
lesions of different ages
polyarteritis nodosa
48
asian children under 4, strawberry tongue, hand foot erythema, rash, may develop coronary aneurysm, MI, rupture
kawasaki - Tx w. aspirin
49
heavy smokers, males under 40, intermittent claudication, may lead to gangrene, autoamputation of digits, microabcesses, raynauds, tibial and radial a. involvement
buergers disease (thomboangiitis obliterans)
50
pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, lesions of same age, necrotising vasculitis involving lung, kidneys, skin, no granulomas, p-ANCA
microscopic polyangiitis
51
p-ANCA
microscopic polyangiitis, churg strauss
52
chronic sinusitis, perforation of nasal septum.
| Triad: focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas of lung, necrotizing glomerulonephritis c-ANCA
Wegners
53
Asthma, palpable purpura, peripheral neuropathy (wrist/foot drop), granulomas, necrotizing vasculitis with eosinophils. p-ANCA
churg-strauss
54
c-anca
wegners granulomatosis
55
most common childhood vasculits, follows URI, assoicated with bergers (IgA nephropathy)
henoch-schonlein purpura
56
Triad: palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, arthritis, abdominal pain/melena
seen in kids
henoch-schonlein purpura
57
t(9:22)
CML bcr-abl (tyrosine kinase)
58
t(8;14)
burkitts c-myc
59
t(11;14)
mantle cell cyclin D
60
t(14;18)
follicular bcl-2
61
t(15;17)
M3 type of AML - responds to Vit A
62
ingestion causes actue renal failure w/ muddy brown casts and hemorrhagic gastritis
mercury
63
ingestion causes pancytopenia w/ hypocellular bone marrow
benzene
64
ingestion disrupts ETC and is treated with sodium nitrate
cyanide
65
enzyme responsible for salt wasting in CAH
11-deoxycorticosterone
66
enzyme responsible for mineral corticoid excess in CAH
17-alpha hydroxylase
67
dark curtain falls over eyes, transient vision loss, vertigo, HTN
amaurosis fugax
68
alcoholic with massive hematemesis, may be fatal
esophageal varicies
69
alcoholic with hematemesis after violent retching
mallory weiss tears (longitudinal lacerations)
70
FAP + osteomas, hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, desmoid tumors, lipomas, dental abnormalities
Gardners syndrome, chrom 5
71
harmatomas in GI tract + hyperpigmented lesions on lips and mouth
peutz-jeghers
72
FAP + glioblastomas, medulloblastomas
turcots
73
HNPCC + inc risk of cancer everywhere
lynch syndrome
74
macrocephaly, multiple GI harmatomas, inc risk of breast cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer
Cowden syndrome
75
skin pigmentation, cirrhosis, diabetes
hemochromatosis (inc transferrin)
76
diseases associated with erythema nodosa (rash on shins)
sarcoidosis, drug rxns, post-strep infection, thyroid disease
77
involves intra and extra hepatic ducts
primary sclerosing cholangitis
78
involves small intra hepatic ducts
primary biliary cirrhosis
79
valsalva maneuver
dec CO and firing of baroreceptors at carotid sinus, dec HR
80
location of Brocas area
inferior frontal gyrus
81
location of wernickes area
superior temporal gyrus
82
supplies motor to UE and brocas
MCA (brocas is in frontal lobe)
83
supplies motor to LE and can cause hemiparesis
ACA
84
young patient with venous thromboembolism
factor V leiden - protein C can't bind to Va
85
merkles nerve endings
in the fingertips and hair follicules
86
free nerve endings
pain and temp
87
meissners corpuscles
non-hairy regions - palms and soles, light touch
88
pacinian corpuscles
deep touch, vibration
89
ruffini corpuscles
change in position, responds to stretch
90
blurred margins of optic disc
abducens nerve palsy - pseudotumor ceribri (fat women)
91
type of shock: low preload, low CO, inc vascular resistance
obstructive (tension pneumothorax)
92
type of shock: normal/low preload, high CO, dec vascular resistance
distributive (septic shock)
93
type of shock: low preload, low CO, low vascular resistance
hypovolemic (bleeding, dehydrated)
94
type of shock: high preload, low CO, normal vascular resistance
cardiogenic (heart attack)
95
PT/PTT/Bleeding time in DIC
dec platelets, dec plasminogen, inc PT, PTT and BT
96
most common dermatosis involving nail pitting, salmon patches (yellow/pink discoloration) and oncholysis
psoriasis
97
EKG lead changes in V1-3 show MI in this location
Septum - LAD
98
EKG lead changes in V3-4 show MI in this location
Anterior - LAD
99
EKG lead changes in V5-6, I and aVL show MI in this location
lateral - left circumflex
100
EKG lead changes in II, III and aVF show MI in this location
inferior - right coronary
101
lift head, look to faces
1 month milestone
102
smile responsively, follows objects past midline
2 month milestone
103
grasps object, squeals, laughs, rolls over, eats soft foods
4 month milestone
104
sit with support, jabber, feeds self
6 month milestone
105
sits alone, begins pull to stand
9 month milestone
106
wave, have 2 words, use cups, takes a few steps
12 month milestone
107
walking, scribbling
15 month milestone
108
use utensils for food, stacks two blocks, 3+ words
18 month milestone
109
remove clothing, stack 4 blocks, kick ball
24 month milestone
110
lung cancer: eosinophilic cytoplasm with keratin pearls
squamous cell CA
111
most common cause of death under 1 year old
congenital anomalie
112
most common cause of death 1-44
accidents
113
most common cause of death 45-65
malignant neoplasm
114
most common cause of death 65+
heart disease
115
most common breast tumor in women under 25
fibroadenoma (tenderness with lump during menses)
116
widening of the mediastinum, aortic regurg, asymmetrical UE pulses
aortic dissection - tearing of the intima
117
gene fusion with inc tyrosine kinase activity
CML (9;22) bcr-abl
118
tx for CML
imatinib
119
asherman syndrome- secondary amenorrhea due to
intrauterine adhesions and absent stratum basalis
120
anti thyroid peroxidase and anti thyroglobulin abs
hashimotos
121
treatment for kawasaki disease
immunoglobin
122
hemisection of spinal cord (brown-sequard)
loss of motor and all senses on one side below the lesion but loss of pain and temp on the other side but crude touch will be preserved on same side of lesion.
123
location of lesion that causes intention tremor
cerebellum
124
def results in alopecia, dermatitis (perioral rash), muscle pain, depression, can be caused by raw eggs
biotin
125
alcoholic with disorientation, change in personality
hepatic encephalopathy
126
tx for hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose - acidifying the gut lumen to dec ammonia concentration
127
first sign of phenotypic puberty
thelarche - development of breast buds
128
RBBB vs LBBB
WiLLiaM MaRRoW - look at leads V1 and V6 - if it makes a W in 1 and M in 6 its LBBB, if it is a M in 1 and W in 6 its RBBB
129
things you can't do if a patient is DNR
CRP, cardiogenic shock, anti-arrhythmic meds
130
memory loss, parkinsons like movement disorder, visual hallucinations
lewy body dementia
131
Myasthenia vs lambert-eaton: improves with rest
myasthenia gravis
132
Myasthenia vs lambert-eaton: improves with activity
lambert-eaton (ab to Ca ch) ALSO ASSOCIATED WITH SMALL CELL CA of lung
133
elevated fibrin degradation products, elevated V/Q ration
PE ( dec perfusion so V/Q goes up)
134
basophilic stippling and denaturing of ribonuclease
lead poisoning
135
Vertebral level of celiac artery branching from aorta
T12
136
Vertebral level of SMA branching from aorta
L1
137
Vertebral level of renal artery branching from aorta
L2
138
Vertebral level of IMA branching from aorta
L3
139
Vertebral level of illiac branching from aorta
L4
140
breast mass that changes size/tenderness with menstruation
fibroadenoma if ONE mass
| fibrocystic change if multiple masses
141
greasy scale over erythematous patch
seborrheric dermatosis
142
TAN HATS of things the hypothalamus controls
Thirst
adenohypophysis - ant pit
neurohypophysis - post pit
hunger and satiety
autonomics - bp and circadian rhythm
temp - ant part is cooling, post is heating
sex
143
elevated hematocrit, leukocytes, thrombocytosis, DEC hematopoietin
polycythemia vera
144
feeling of bugs crawling all over skin, high BP, HR, resps
cocaine OD
145
brocas area of the brain
frontal lobe
146
wernickes area of the brain
superior temporal lobe
147
marker for hepatocellular CA
alpha-fetoprotein
148
biochemical markers for RA
elevated ESR, CRP and rheumatoid factor
149
cause of wheezing in asthmatic who ingests aspirin
leukotriene excess causing bronchoconstriction
150
Tx for gestational diabetes
insulin - glyburide
151
microcephaly, craniofacial abnormalities, nail hypoplasia
fetal hydantoin syndrome -phenytoin during pregnancy (inhibits gluatmate release)
152
blood type associated with gastric cancer
type A
153
blood type associated with peptic ulcers
type O
154
collection of neutrophils in crypts of leiberkuhn
ulcerative colitis
155
stimulate water and electrolyte secretion leading to massive diarrhea (tumor)
VIPoma
156
proximal muscle weakness - can't stand up from sitting in chair
polymyositis - cytotoxic destruction
157
proximal muscle weakness plus rash on knuckles, elbows knees
dermatomyositis
158
high dose dexamethasone will dec ACTH in what scenario
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
159
failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, mental retardation, elevated urine glucose, cataracts, infant exclusively fet breast milk
classic galactosemia - galactose-1-phophate uridyltrasferase deficiency
eliminate galactose and lactose from diet
160
bladder extrophy is associated with what penile defect
epispadias (dorsal/superior opening)
161
nucleoside excision repair defect
xeroderma pigmentosum - thymine dimers
162
mismatch repair defect
hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
163
Polycystic ovarian disease has inc risk for what
type 2 diabetes
164
pruritic, oval, scaly plaque with central clearing
tinea corpis - KOH with many hyphae forms
165
weight loss, diarrhea, bronze indurations on legs and trunk that blister and scale
glucagonomas - alpha cells of pancreas
166
delta cells of pancreas secrete
somatostatin
167
non-alpha, non-beta cell pancreatic tumor
VIPoma - cholera like diarrhea
168
water deprivation test in polydipsia, polyuria
urine becomes concentrated if its psychogenic polydipsia (often seen in psychosis) it does not effect nephrogenic DI
169
diplopia walking down stairs
superior oblique issue (trochlear nerve - CN IV)
170
medical ethics answer that is almost always wrong
consult the hospital ethics committee
171
mandated screening for these diseases required after birth
PKU, hypothyroidism, sickle cell, CAH
172
Rhogam is administered to pregnant woman when
routine at 28 weeks, following chorionic villus sampling (or other invasive procedures), transplacental bleeding and 72 hours post delivery
173
episodic biliary colic following meals
cholelithiasis
174
fever, persistant RUQ pain with guarding with positive murphy sign
cholecystitis
175
obstructive jaundice without fever
choledocholelithiasis
176
muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue
hypokalemia
177
CA 125 tumor marker
ovarian cancer
178
CA 19-9 tumor marker
pancreatic cancer
179
sunburst pattern and codmans triangle
osteosarcoma
180
polycystic ovarian disease levels of LH, DHEA, FSH
elevated LH, elevated DHEA, decreased FSH. LH/FSH >3
181
relative risk equation
a/(a+b) / c/(c+d)
182
skin cancer with best prognosis
basal cell CA
183
triad of cardiac tamponade
hypotension, distant heart sounds, JVD
184
first sign of magnesium toxicity (tx for preeclampsia)
dec DTR
185
carcinoid syndrome is associated with what heart defect
right sided valve defects - stenosis due to serotonin
186
arthritis associated with giant cell arteritis
polymyalgia rheumatica
187
basophilic stippling is seen in what diseases
beta thalassemia, lead poisoning, alcohol abuse, iron overload
