Biostats and pharm Flashcards by Ashley Rumsey

lipid lowering agent that dec VLDL secretion by the liver into circulation

niacin

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increases triglyceride clearance by upregulating LPL

fibrates

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long term use for asthma

chromolyn or salmeterol

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CI of ACE inhibitors

hereditary angioedema, renal failure, pregnancy

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effective renal plasma flow rate (eRPF)

(urine PAH concentration) X (urine flow rate) / (plasma PAH concentration)

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renal blood flow (RBF)

eRPF/ (1 - hematocrit)

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used for acute gout

indomethacin (pain) colchicine (inflammation)

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used for chronic gout

allopurinol

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inc the expression of insulin response genes

-glitazones

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cardiac drug that dec length of hospital stay but not mortality for CHF patient

digoxin

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drug that dec mortality in CHF patient

ACE inhibitors

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quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

Class Ia Na ch blockers - prolongs QRS

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lidocaine, phenytoin

Class Ib Na ch blockers - no affect on QRS

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flecainde

class Ic Na ch blockers - last resort

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propanolol, metoprolol, timolol, atenolol, esmolol

Class II beta blockers - slow phase 4 - prolongs AV nodal conduction and inc PR interval

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amioderone, sotalol, ibutilide

Class III K ch blockers - prolongs QT by blocking repolarization

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verapamil, diltiazam

Class IV Ca ch blockers - prolongs AV nodal conduction and inc PR interval, dec CO

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inhibits Na/K ATPase, prolonging PR interval and inc contractility

digoxin

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drug associated with red-green color blindness and optic neuropathy

ethambutol

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anti-mycobacterial causing neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity

isoniazid

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anti-mycobacterial causing ototoxicity

streptomycin

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what can you give to lower the neurotoxic effects of isoniazid

pyridoxine (B6)

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type I error

rejecting the null when its true

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type II error

failing to accept the alternate hypothesis

accepting the null when its false

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egg vaccines

influenza, yellow fever, MMR

live attenuated vaccines

smallpox, yellow fever, chicken pox (VZV), sabins polio virus, MMR, influenza (intranasal) "Live! see SMALL YELLOW CHICKENS, get vaccinated with SABINS and MMR, Its INcredible

killed vaccines

Rabies, influenza (injected), salk polio, HAV | salK=Killed. RIP Always

recombinant vaccine

HBV

drug putting patients at risk for ATN

antibiotics esp aminoglycosides

what causes peaked T waves

hyperkalemia

serious side effect of statins

rhabdomyolysis and myositis

inhibits LDL synthesis

statins

promotes clearance of VLDL, enhances LPL, good for high tris

fibrates

dec resorption of LDL

cholestyramine

prevents absorption of cholesterol

ezetamibe

drug that masks the symptoms of hypoglycemia in insulin dependent diabetics

beta blockers

anti-ro, anti-la

sjogrens syndrome

anti-Jo-1

polymyositis, dermatomyositis

anti U1 RNP

mixed connective tissue diseases

anti centromere ab

crest scleroderma

anti- smith ab

lupus

anti-dsDNA ab

lupus

anti-microsomal ab

hashimotos

tx for stable angina

nitrate and beta blocker

tx for post herpetic (VZV) neuralgia

TCA (amitriptyline)

diuretic associated with ototoxicity

loops

anti-smooth muscle ab

autoimmune hepatitis

anti-mitochondrial ab

primary biliary cirrhosis

tx for serotonin syndrome

cyprohepatdine

tx for GAS infections

penicillin

two groups (one with risk factor, one control) are followed over time to see their outcomes

cohort study

collets data to assess the prevalence of a disease and the related risk factors at a given point of time

cross-sectional study

subjects are chosen based on outcome. looks back to asses risk factors, recall bias may occur, retrospective

case-control study

complies data from already completed studies

meta-anylsis

calculation of steady state

4-5 half lifes

diabetes drug causing lactic acidosis

metformin - often if they have underlying renal disease

anion gap

Na - (Cl + bicarb)

diabetes drug causing weight gain

sulfonylureas - chloropropamine, glipizide

diabetes drug with risk of hypoglycemia

sulfonylureas - chloropropamine, glipizide

try this if patients fail to recover from depression after 2-3 rounds of antidepressant meds

electroconvulsive therapy

half life equation

T1/2= .7 * Vd / CL

false estimations of survival rates

lead-time bias

common side effects of SSRIs

loss of libido, insomnia, weight gain, nausea

antispasmodic agent used to treat long term asthma/COPD, inhibits PDE

theophylline

mechanism of tamsulosin

alpha-1 antagonist - used for BPH

tx for MS

beta interferon

side effect of typical antipsychotics

gynecomastia, lactation (dopamine blocker)

DOC to initially treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism

beta blocker

DOC for management of acute panic disorder

benzodiazapines

infusion related flushing (red-man syndrome)

vancomycin

overdose: dilated pupils, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes

TCA overdose

tx for ADHD and mechanism

methylphenidate - blocks reuptake of NE and dopamine

desmopressin uses

Used to treat neprhogenic DI, bed wetting, prophylaxis for hemophillia A in surgery

desmopressin MOA

promotes release of factor VIII, VWB factor, and t-Pa by binding to V2 receptor facilitating endothelial release. And acts as an ADH analog to dec urination

Clearance equation

.7 x Vd / half life

Vd equation

dose/initial plasma concentration

MOA of niacin

dec secretion of VLDL from hepatocytes into circulation, inc HDL

drug that inc lipoprotein lipase

fibrates (gemfibrozil) dec tris

drug that dec resorption of cholesterol

ezetimibe | SE: diarrhea, joint pain

blocks resorption of bile in intestines | side effects of this drug

cholestyramine | flatulence, bloating, steatorrhea

type of bias: physicians/patients alter their behavior when they know they are involved in the study

hawthorn bias

type of bias: group alters their outcome based on expectations (pts know the efficacy of the treatment)

pygmalion bias

type of bias: when the group of people is not chosen at random

selection bias

type of bias: when the group of people is not representative of the population at large

sampling bias

relative risk equation

incidence in the exposed group/incidence in the control group

odds ration equation

a x d/b x c

drugs that follow zero order kinetics

phenytoin, ethanol, aspirine

Tx for prostate cancer - inhibits testosterone receptor

flutamide

Tx for BPH, hair loss - blocks 5 alpha-redutase

finasteride

MOA of amphotericin B

inc membrane permeability by binding to egosterol

MOA of fluconazole (azoles)

inhibit egosterol synthesis

when the physician ignores the patients consent

paternalism

the patients right to determine their own treatment

autonomy

duty, dereliction of the duty, injury, damage

malpractice

DOC for carcinoid syndrome

octreotide

antiarrhythmic that prolongs the action potential and repolarization more than any other drug

amioderone

test to find the difference between 2 means

T-test

test to find the difference between 2 categories

chi-squared

test to find the difference between means of 3 or more groups

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

antagonizes the carboxylation of clotting factors

warfarin

directly inhibits factor Xa

rivaroxaban

Tx for narcolepsy

modafinil, amphetamines

DOC for ulcerative colitis

sulfasalazine