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Biostats and pharm Flashcards

1
Q

lipid lowering agent that dec VLDL secretion by the liver into circulation

A

niacin

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2
Q

increases triglyceride clearance by upregulating LPL

A

fibrates

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3
Q

long term use for asthma

A

chromolyn or salmeterol

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4
Q

CI of ACE inhibitors

A

hereditary angioedema, renal failure, pregnancy

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5
Q

effective renal plasma flow rate (eRPF)

A

(urine PAH concentration) X (urine flow rate) / (plasma PAH concentration)

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6
Q

renal blood flow (RBF)

A

eRPF/ (1 - hematocrit)

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7
Q

used for acute gout

A

indomethacin (pain) colchicine (inflammation)

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8
Q

used for chronic gout

A

allopurinol

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9
Q

inc the expression of insulin response genes

A

-glitazones

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10
Q

cardiac drug that dec length of hospital stay but not mortality for CHF patient

A

digoxin

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11
Q

drug that dec mortality in CHF patient

A

ACE inhibitors

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12
Q

quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide

A

Class Ia Na ch blockers - prolongs QRS

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13
Q

lidocaine, phenytoin

A

Class Ib Na ch blockers - no affect on QRS

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14
Q

flecainde

A

class Ic Na ch blockers - last resort

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15
Q

propanolol, metoprolol, timolol, atenolol, esmolol

A

Class II beta blockers - slow phase 4 - prolongs AV nodal conduction and inc PR interval

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16
Q

amioderone, sotalol, ibutilide

A

Class III K ch blockers - prolongs QT by blocking repolarization

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17
Q

verapamil, diltiazam

A

Class IV Ca ch blockers - prolongs AV nodal conduction and inc PR interval, dec CO

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18
Q

inhibits Na/K ATPase, prolonging PR interval and inc contractility

A

digoxin

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19
Q

drug associated with red-green color blindness and optic neuropathy

A

ethambutol

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20
Q

anti-mycobacterial causing neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity

A

isoniazid

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21
Q

anti-mycobacterial causing ototoxicity

A

streptomycin

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22
Q

what can you give to lower the neurotoxic effects of isoniazid

A

pyridoxine (B6)

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23
Q

type I error

A

rejecting the null when its true

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24
Q

type II error

A

failing to accept the alternate hypothesis

accepting the null when its false

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25
Q

egg vaccines

A

influenza, yellow fever, MMR

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26
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A

smallpox, yellow fever, chicken pox (VZV), sabins polio virus, MMR, influenza (intranasal)
“Live! see SMALL YELLOW CHICKENS, get vaccinated with SABINS and MMR, Its INcredible

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27
Q

killed vaccines

A

Rabies, influenza (injected), salk polio, HAV

salK=Killed. RIP Always

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28
Q

recombinant vaccine

A

HBV

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29
Q

drug putting patients at risk for ATN

A

antibiotics esp aminoglycosides

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30
Q

what causes peaked T waves

A

hyperkalemia

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31
Q

serious side effect of statins

A

rhabdomyolysis and myositis

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32
Q

inhibits LDL synthesis

A

statins

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33
Q

promotes clearance of VLDL, enhances LPL, good for high tris

A

fibrates

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34
Q

dec resorption of LDL

A

cholestyramine

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35
Q

prevents absorption of cholesterol

A

ezetamibe

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36
Q

drug that masks the symptoms of hypoglycemia in insulin dependent diabetics

A

beta blockers

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37
Q

anti-ro, anti-la

A

sjogrens syndrome

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38
Q

anti-Jo-1

A

polymyositis, dermatomyositis

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39
Q

anti U1 RNP

A

mixed connective tissue diseases

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40
Q

anti centromere ab

A

crest scleroderma

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41
Q

anti- smith ab

A

lupus

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42
Q

anti-dsDNA ab

A

lupus

43
Q

anti-microsomal ab

A

hashimotos

44
Q

tx for stable angina

A

nitrate and beta blocker

45
Q

tx for post herpetic (VZV) neuralgia

A

TCA (amitriptyline)

46
Q

diuretic associated with ototoxicity

A

loops

47
Q

anti-smooth muscle ab

A

autoimmune hepatitis

48
Q

anti-mitochondrial ab

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

49
Q

tx for serotonin syndrome

A

cyprohepatdine

50
Q

tx for GAS infections

A

penicillin

51
Q

two groups (one with risk factor, one control) are followed over time to see their outcomes

A

cohort study

52
Q

collets data to assess the prevalence of a disease and the related risk factors at a given point of time

A

cross-sectional study

53
Q

subjects are chosen based on outcome. looks back to asses risk factors, recall bias may occur, retrospective

A

case-control study

54
Q

complies data from already completed studies

A

meta-anylsis

55
Q

calculation of steady state

A

4-5 half lifes

56
Q

diabetes drug causing lactic acidosis

A

metformin - often if they have underlying renal disease

57
Q

anion gap

A

Na - (Cl + bicarb)

58
Q

diabetes drug causing weight gain

A

sulfonylureas - chloropropamine, glipizide

59
Q

diabetes drug with risk of hypoglycemia

A

sulfonylureas - chloropropamine, glipizide

60
Q

try this if patients fail to recover from depression after 2-3 rounds of antidepressant meds

A

electroconvulsive therapy

61
Q

half life equation

A

T1/2= .7 * Vd / CL

62
Q

false estimations of survival rates

A

lead-time bias

63
Q

common side effects of SSRIs

A

loss of libido, insomnia, weight gain, nausea

64
Q

antispasmodic agent used to treat long term asthma/COPD, inhibits PDE

A

theophylline

65
Q

mechanism of tamsulosin

A

alpha-1 antagonist - used for BPH

66
Q

tx for MS

A

beta interferon

67
Q

side effect of typical antipsychotics

A

gynecomastia, lactation (dopamine blocker)

68
Q

DOC to initially treat symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

beta blocker

69
Q

DOC for management of acute panic disorder

A

benzodiazapines

70
Q

infusion related flushing (red-man syndrome)

A

vancomycin

71
Q

overdose: dilated pupils, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes

A

TCA overdose

72
Q

tx for ADHD and mechanism

A

methylphenidate - blocks reuptake of NE and dopamine

73
Q

desmopressin uses

A

Used to treat neprhogenic DI, bed wetting, prophylaxis for hemophillia A in surgery

74
Q

desmopressin MOA

A

promotes release of factor VIII, VWB factor, and t-Pa by binding to V2 receptor facilitating endothelial release. And acts as an ADH analog to dec urination

75
Q

Clearance equation

A

.7 x Vd / half life

76
Q

Vd equation

A

dose/initial plasma concentration

77
Q

MOA of niacin

A

dec secretion of VLDL from hepatocytes into circulation, inc HDL

78
Q

drug that inc lipoprotein lipase

A

fibrates (gemfibrozil) dec tris

79
Q

drug that dec resorption of cholesterol

A

ezetimibe

SE: diarrhea, joint pain

80
Q

blocks resorption of bile in intestines

side effects of this drug

A

cholestyramine

flatulence, bloating, steatorrhea

81
Q

type of bias: physicians/patients alter their behavior when they know they are involved in the study

A

hawthorn bias

82
Q

type of bias: group alters their outcome based on expectations (pts know the efficacy of the treatment)

A

pygmalion bias

83
Q

type of bias: when the group of people is not chosen at random

A

selection bias

84
Q

type of bias: when the group of people is not representative of the population at large

A

sampling bias

85
Q

relative risk equation

A

incidence in the exposed group/incidence in the control group

86
Q

odds ration equation

A

a x d/b x c

87
Q

drugs that follow zero order kinetics

A

phenytoin, ethanol, aspirine

88
Q

Tx for prostate cancer - inhibits testosterone receptor

A

flutamide

89
Q

Tx for BPH, hair loss - blocks 5 alpha-redutase

A

finasteride

90
Q

MOA of amphotericin B

A

inc membrane permeability by binding to egosterol

91
Q

MOA of fluconazole (azoles)

A

inhibit egosterol synthesis

92
Q

when the physician ignores the patients consent

A

paternalism

93
Q

the patients right to determine their own treatment

A

autonomy

94
Q

duty, dereliction of the duty, injury, damage

A

malpractice

95
Q

DOC for carcinoid syndrome

A

octreotide

96
Q

antiarrhythmic that prolongs the action potential and repolarization more than any other drug

A

amioderone

97
Q

test to find the difference between 2 means

A

T-test

98
Q

test to find the difference between 2 categories

A

chi-squared

99
Q

test to find the difference between means of 3 or more groups

A

analysis of variance (ANOVA)

100
Q

antagonizes the carboxylation of clotting factors

A

warfarin

101
Q

directly inhibits factor Xa

A

rivaroxaban

102
Q

Tx for narcolepsy

A

modafinil, amphetamines

103
Q

DOC for ulcerative colitis

A

sulfasalazine

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