Pharm and ANS Flashcards
Vd =
total drug/serum concentration
Loading dose =
Cp x Vd/ F
Maintenance Dose =
Cp x Vd x Ke (elimination constant) x T / F
Zero order elimination drugs
PEA: Phenytoin, Ethanol, Aspirin
Treat weak acids overdoses with basic environments (bicarbonate): which acids?
Phenobarbial, methotrexate, aspirin
Treat weak base overdoses with acidic environments (ammonium chloride): which bases?
amphetamines, TCAs
What is phase I metabolism:
Reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis with cytochrome P450. Yields slightly polar water soluble metabolites. Geriatric patients lose this first.
What is phase II metabolism:
Conjugation (Methylation, glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation) yields very polar, inactive metabolites that are renally excreted.
Slow acetylators at risk for what in particular?
Drug induced lupus.
hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, diltiazem.
Vascular smooth muscle ANS control:
a1 (q): contraction, a2 (i): dilation, b2 (s): vasodilation, V1 (q): contraction
G protein class of a1
q
G protein class of a2
i
G protein class of b1
s
G protein class of b2
s
G protein class of b3
s
G protein class of M1
q
G protein class of M2
i
G protein class of M3
q
G protein class of D1
s
G protein class of D2
i
G protein class of H1
q
G protein class of H2
s
G protein class of V1
q
G protein class of V2
s
Eye ANS control:
Pupillary:
Accommodation and Glaucoma
Pupillary dilator (mydriasis): a1 (q)
Pupillary sphincter (miosis): M3 (q)
Aqueous humor production: a2 (i) decreases, b2 (s) increases
Ciliary muscle contraction (decreased draining for TM): M3 (q)
GI ANS control:
a1: increases sphincter tone
M3: increases gut peristalsis
Insulin ANS control:
a2: decreases insulin release, decreases lipolysis
B1: increases lipolysis
B2: increases insulin releases
B3: increases lipolysis
Bronchioles ANS control:
B2: bronchodilation
Heart ANS control:
B1 increases heart rate, contractility.
