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1 Foundations of Disease and Therapy > PHARM A45/46: Viruses and Cancer > Flashcards

PHARM A45/46: Viruses and Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common characteristics shared by human tumor viruses?

A

High infections rate, low cancer rates; cancer occurs after many years after viral infection; virus required for initiation events;viral genomes become integrated into host chromosome as virus initiates cancer development

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2
Q

What phase of the cell cycle do parvoviruses require for replication? What is the exception?

A

S phase unless the cell is co-infected with an adeno or herpes virus

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3
Q

What is transformation of a cell?

A

Alteration in a cells properties that leads to immortalization and different growth patterns that result in alteration in the cell cycle

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4
Q

What cellular properties come with transformation?

A

Loss of anchorage dependence, loss of contact inhibition of growth, and decreased requirements for growth factors

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5
Q

How do herpes viruses interfere with tumor suppressor Rb? HPV? Polyoma viruses?

A

The virus has E1A that binds to and inhibits pRb; HPV has E7 protein which binds to pRb and releases E2F; Large T inhibits Rb

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6
Q

How does human papilloma virus interfere with p53?

A

E6 which binds to p53 and tags it with ubiquitin for proteosomal degradation

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7
Q

What kind of cancer is associated with Human T-cell Lymphotrophic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)?

A

Adult T-cell Leukemia/ Lymphoma (ATLL)

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8
Q

What is the characteristic cell morphology of ATL?

A

Flower cell morphology

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9
Q

True or False: HTLV-1 has no traditional oncoproteins.

A

True

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10
Q

What is the mechanism by which HTLV-1 increases the likely hood of developing ATL?

A

Viral Tax protein induces IL-2 and GM-CSF expression stimulating T cells to enter a proliferative phase

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11
Q

What is the most common viral STD?

A

Papilloma

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12
Q

What kind of cancer is associated with JC virus?

A

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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13
Q

What condition is association with BK virus?

A

Hemmorrhagic cystitis

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14
Q

What condition is potentially a consequence of Merkel cell virus infection?

A

Merkel cell melanoma

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15
Q

What are the risk factors for developing Merkel cell carcinoma?

A

Exposure to a lot of sunlight or artificial sunlight, immune system weakened by disease, organ transplant, being older than 50 yrs old, male or white

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16
Q

What types of Papillomavirus causes plantar and common warts?

A

1 and 2

17
Q

What type of Papillomavirus causes condylomata (genital warts) and laryngeal warts?

A

6 and 11

18
Q

What type of Papillomavirus causes anogenital malignancies?

A

16 and 18

19
Q

True or False: HIV can exacerbate infection and development of cancer.

A

True

20
Q

What is the 2nd most common malignancy in women world wide?

A

Cervical

21
Q

What is the HPV’s preferential target in the vagina?

A

A narrow transformation zone between the transition from columnar epithelium to the original squamocolumnar

22
Q

What is L1?

A

Capsid protein of HPV that is used as a diagnostic PCR target and vaccine target

23
Q

What are the hallmarks of an abnormal pap smear?

A

Dyskaryosis, Microvascularization; Perinuclear clearing, and nuclear enlargement

24
Q

What types of HPV are targeted by Gardasil?

A

6,11,16,18

25
Q

During which phase of the alpha herpes viral life cycle does disease present?

A

Lytic phase

26
Q

During which phase of the gamma herpes viral life cycle does disease present?

A

Latency

27
Q

What is the tropism of EBV and KSHV?

A

Epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and B cells

28
Q

How is EBV and KSHV transmitted?

A

Contact, kissing, sexual

29
Q

What test is used to differentiate CMV vs. EBV mononucleosis

A

Monospot test

30
Q

What population is most susceptible to KSHV-associated cancer?

A

HIV/AIDS patients

31
Q

True or False: EBV and KSHV do not produce proteins that activate cell signaling pathways

A

True

32
Q

What cell type is the site of latency for viral EBV infection?

A

B cells

33
Q

What is EBV-associated mononucleosis characterized by?

A

Production of heterophile antibodies

34
Q

What signalling cascae is initiated by the binding of CD40 with CD40L

A

NFkB and AP-1

35
Q

All forms of Burkitt’s lymphoma have what type of oncogene?

A

c-Myc

36
Q

What EBV protein is found in Burkitt’s Lymphoma tissues?

A

EBNA1

37
Q

How does Kaposi’s sarcoma present?

A

Multiple bluish-black papular nodules on the skin, mucous membranes and viscera

38
Q

What are the components of CHOMP chemotherapy?

A

Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxy-daunorubicin, ncovin, Methotrexate, Prednisone

39
Q

What is rituximab

A

A mAb against CD20

1 Foundations of Disease and Therapy (30 decks)

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