PATH: Neoplasia III/IV Flashcards
What is the difference between a complete carcinogen, incomplete carcinogen, and a procarcinogen?
Complete carcinogens can act as initiators and promoters, incomplete can only act as initiators, and procarcinogens are ingested and converted into active carcinogens through metabolic activity
What is the exception to the rule that malignant cancers do not arise from benign tumors?
Colonic adenoma/adenocarcinoma
What are paraneoplastic syndromes?
Malignant tumors with unexpected production of a protein or substance that is not normally produced by the cells of the tissue from which the tumor originated
What method is considered the gold standard for diagnosing a tumor? The second best?
Tissue biopsy with H&E staining; Cytology Fine needle aspiration
What are the four methods of obtaining a tissue biopsy?
Fine needle aspiration, core biopsy, incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy
With what types of cancer may serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen be increased?
Colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and gastric cancers