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1 Foundations of Disease and Therapy > MIP A51: Gram Negative Pathogenic Bacteria > Flashcards

MIP A51: Gram Negative Pathogenic Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: LPS is exclusive to Gram negative organisms

A

True

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2
Q

How do bacteriaphages commonly recognize bacteria?

A

O-antigens

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3
Q

What is the function of Protein III in Gram Negative bacteria?

A

It looks similar to a syringe and was developed from flagella- it secretes proteins across the periplasmic space

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4
Q

What are the pathogenic members of the Gram Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli?

A

Nisseria, Haemophillus, Bordetella, Rickettsia

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5
Q

What test is used to differentiate Enterobacteriacae from other organisms? What does it test for?

A

Oxidase test; Tests for presence of cytochrome C oxidase

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6
Q

What are the different surface antigens that are used to type E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae?

A

O, H, and K antigens

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7
Q

What is the defining feature of Escherichia coli?

A

They are lactose positive organisms

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8
Q

What compound does E. coli convert tryptophan to? How can this be detected in the lab?

A

Converts Trp to indole which can be visualized using Cobas reagent

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9
Q

What is the bacterial cause of Traveler’s diarrhea? How is it transmitted?

A

Enterotoxigenic E.Coli; Transmitted via the fecal-oral route

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10
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Traveler’s diarrhea?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. Coli adheres to epithelial cells of SI and secretes ST and LT toxins which cause hypersecretion of fluids and electrolytes by stimulating guanylate and adenylate cyclase

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11
Q

To what does Cholera toxin bind?

A

GM1 ganglioside receptor on eukaryotic cell membrane

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12
Q

How does Cholera toxin act?

A

The B subunit binds to the GM1 ganglioside receptor and the A1 subunit irreversibly binds and activates adenylate cyclase

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13
Q

What is EIEC, how does it act in the body, and what does the presentation of its disease look like?

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli that invades epithelial cells of the intestines and underlying lamina propria, causing inflammation and malaise. Diarrhea starts off watery but then contains blood and mucous

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14
Q

What is EHEC? What toxin does it produce? How does its disease present?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli, which secretes Shiga toxin that inhibits protein synthesis in cells. Watery diarrhea and cramps at first, but then bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome

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15
Q

Out of ETEC, EIEC, and EHEC, which would you treat with antibiotics?

A

EIEC

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16
Q

How does Shiga toxin act in the cell?

A

AB toxin binds to a ganglioside receptor, is endocytosed, and the A subunit exits the Golgi and modifies tRNA binding site of the 60S ribosome, preventing protein synthesis and causing cell death

17
Q

What is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome?

A

A condition in which blood vessels in the epithelium of glomeruli are damaged by toxins, causin kidney failure and platelet lysis

18
Q

What is EAggEC? What is its pathophysiology?

A

Enteroaggregative E. coli; Bacteria adhere t gastric epithelium, aggregate, and release EAST, which causes cell swelling and RBC agglutination and causes persistent watery diarrhea

19
Q

What is EPEC? What is its pathophysiology?

A

Uses Type III secretion system to inject toxins into the cell in order for the organism to stick gastric cells irreversibly

20
Q

What opportunistic infections can be caused by E.coli?

A

Lung, Wound and other soft tissue infections, and meningitis.

21
Q

What type of bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

A Gram negative, oxidase positive, catalase positive, obligate aerobe

22
Q

What does P. aeruginosa smell like?

A

Grapes or wet tacos

23
Q

What bacterial infection is most likely to present with blue or green pigments on bandages or pus?

A

P. aeruginosa

24
Q

How are biofilms produced?

A

Bacteria lose flagella from Quarum-sensing transcription factor; produced when a high enough bacteria population is present. This is followed by the induction of the production of Algenate- a sugar polymer that keeps immune cells and antibiotics out

25
Q

What is ecthymic granulosum?

A

Black necrosis appearing on skin due to systemic spread of bacteria

26
Q

What are the general classes of P. aeruginosa virulence factors?

A

Proteases, ADP-ribosyl transferases, pili, cytotoxin (leukocidin); Type III secreted toxins; Rhamnolipids, and Alginate

27
Q

What bacterial infection causes an “onion skin” morphology?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

28
Q

What is the bacterial basis of Melioidosis or Whitmore’s disease?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

29
Q

What are the different variations of Melioidosis or Whitmore’s disease?

A

Acute localized infection, acute bloodstream infection, pulmonary infection, chronic supportive infection

1 Foundations of Disease and Therapy (30 decks)

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