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Crrab 1 > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the beta lactams?

A

Penicillin
Caphalosporin
Carbapenems
Aztreonam

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2
Q

What is the MOA of beta-lactams?

A

Binds to penicillin binding proteins which are transpeptidases that catalyze the terminal reactions in the bacterial cell wall synthesis

  • they bind amino acid side chains to one another to form cross linking
  • inhibits cross linking
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3
Q

How do beta lactams cause antibiotic therapy?

A

Bactericidal via osmosis (because of weakend cell wall) causing cell to burst

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4
Q

What causes penicillin resistance and what organisms can do so?

A

Pinicillinases which inactivate Penicillins

  • Staph strain and N gonorrhea
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5
Q

What are Nafcillin and Diclozacillin?

A

Antistaphlococcal penicillins or Penicillinase- resistant penicillins

  • Fight staph Aureus because they have larger R groups which are resistant to penicillinases
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6
Q

What the are the beta lactam inhibitors?

A

Clavulanate, Sulbactam and Tazobactam

  • inhibit penicillinase
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7
Q

What are ampicillin and amoxicillin?

A

More water soluble and can thus pass through porin channels and taken up by Gram - strains of bacteria that resist penicillins simply by not taking up as much of the drug.

Inactivated by Beta lactamases

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8
Q

What is added to amox and amp for additional beta latamase support?

A

Amox- Clavulanate

Amp- sulbactam

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9
Q

What is Atreonam?

A

monocyclic beta lactam

  • given is have allergy to penicillin
  • specific to gram - rods
  • but sensitive to penicillinases
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10
Q

What is the MOA of cephalosporin?

A

Bind to penicillin binding proteins and inhibit cell wall synthesis.

Sensitive to beta lactamases but not penicillinases

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11
Q

What are the 1st, 2, 3,4 and 5th generation cephasporins?

A
  1. Cephalexin
  2. Cefoxitin
  3. Ceftriaxone
  4. Cefepime
  5. Ceftaroline
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12
Q

What are the carbapenems?

A

Imipenem
Cilastain
Meropenem

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13
Q

What is the MOA of carbapenems?

A

Beta lactam ring binds to the penicillin binding protein

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14
Q

What is the MOA of vancomycin?

A

NOT a beta lactam
- Binds to D alanyl D alanine terminus of cell wall and inhibits release from bactoprenol carrier which prevents peptidoglycan synthesis

Resistant to beta lactamases

  • turns D-alanyl-D alanine into D-alanyl-D-lactate or D-serine
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15
Q

What are the aminoglycosides?

A 
Gentamycin
Tobramycin
Neomycin
Streptomycin 
Amikacin
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16
Q

What is the MOA of aminoglycoside?

A

Bacteriocidal by binding to 30S subunit to prevent protein synthesis

17
Q

What is Epitofibatide? What are some other drugs of its class?

A

Inhibits GpIIB/IIIA from binding to fibrinogen

Abciximab and Tirofiban

18
Q

What is the MOA of Clopidogrel and what are some other drugs in its class?

A

They inhibit the binding of ADP to the platelet. When ADP usually binds to the platelet its cause endocytosis of the GpIIB/IIIA receptor onto the outside of the platelet where it serves to bind fibronigen and another GpIIB/IIIA on another platelet.

prasugrel and ticlopidine

19
Q

What are statins?

A

Inhibit HMG-CoA from being converted to Mavelonate which later becomes cholesterol. The enzyme that does this is HMG-CoA reductase which is inhibited by statins

-vastatin ending

20
Q

What are the bile acids resins?

A

cholestyramine
Colestipol
Colesevelam

21
Q

What is the MOA of bile acids resins?

A

Prevent intestinal resorption of bile acids. In order to make more bile acids the liver must use cholesterol. Which there by decrease the bodies cholesterol.

22
Q

What happens to LDL, HDL and triglycerides in bile acid resins?

A

Big decrease in LDL’s

Slight increase in the later 2

23
Q

What is Ezetimibe? Its MOA?

A

Prevents cholesterol absorption at small intestine brush border

Big decrease in LDL’s
No affect on Tri’s and HDL’s

24
Q

What are the fibrates and their affects on LDL, HDL, and triglycerides?

A

Gemfibrozil
Bezafibrate
Fenfibrate

Small decrease in LDL
Small increase in HDL
Huge decrease in triglycerides

25
Q

What is the MOA of fibrates?

A

Upregulate LPL to increase triglyceride clearance

Activate PRAR-alpha to induce HDL synthesis

26
Q

What is the affect of Niacin on LDL, HDL and triglycerides?

A

Medium decrease in LDL
Medium increase in HDL
Small decrease in triglycerides

27
Q

What is the MOA of niacin?

A 
Inhibits lipolysis (hormone sensitive lipase) in adipose tissue
Reduced hepatic VLDL synthesis
28
Q

What is the MOA of Hydralazine?

A

increase cGMP to increase SM relaxation

Arterioles dilate greater than veins

29
Q

What are Hydralazines used for?

A

Severe HTN, reduced afterload
HF
Safe for pregnancy

30
Q

What are he HTN drugs safe for pregnancy?

A
  1. Hydralazine
  2. Nifidipine
  3. Labetalol
  4. Methyldopa
31
Q

What is Methyldopa?

A

Alpha 2 agonist

Crrab 1 (27 decks)

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